LECTURE 6: METHODOLOGY AND

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES:
METHODS OF TEACHING
LANGUAGES.
 • Plan:
• Searching for scientific literature on
the topic.
• Traditional and modern teaching
methods
• Communicative and competence
based approach
• Key words: philological sciences,
language education,
methodology, scientific
conclusions, traditional methods,
communicative and competence-
based approach.
 
• Searching for scientific literature
on the topic.
• Collecting sources for a research paper can sometimes be a
daunting task. When beginning your research, it’s often a
good idea to begin with common search engines, like Google,
and general descriptions like you can find on Wikipedia. Often
though these are not the sources you ultimately want in your
paper. Some tips for getting from this beginning research to
finding “good” sources include the following.
• Make a list of research terms you can use when
searching in the library or even online. Start with
your core list, but also add other keywords and
phrases that you notice as you research. Also,
when you find a good source, look to see if it has
“tags.” You can add these phrases to your list
search terms. Sometimes the tags are also links
that you can follow which will take you to lists of
similar sources.
• Think about the kind of sources required by the assignment
and also the kind of sources that are “good” for your question
or topic. Many library search engines and databases have the
option to return only “peer-reviewed” or “scholarly” sources
—which are sources that have been read by other scholars
before being published. Also, the library offers a list of 
Research Guides which can help you find useful databases for
finding sources.When considering what counts as a “good”
source, it’s smart to consider what question you’re asking.
• Review the works cited or bibliography section of
sources that have already been helpful. The sources
they are using will probably be helpful to you also.
Some search engines, like Google Scholar, include a
link under a source that says “Cited by”—which brings
back a list of other sources that have used the source
you’re looking at. Google Scholar provides varying
quality in their results, depending on the subject area
and other things, but it’s a great place to start.
•  
 2. Traditional and modern teaching methods
Traditional teaching

• The back-to-basics traditional education method, also known as

conventional education, is still widely used in schools. The old-
fashioned way of teaching was all about recitation, for example
students would sit in silence, while one student after another would
take it in turns to recite the lesson, until each one had been called
upon. The teacher would listen to each student’s recitation, and they
were expected to study and memorise the assignments. At the end of
the module a written test or oral examination would be conducted;
this process was called an Assignment Study Recitation Test.
Method and methodology
 Progressive modern teaching

• Education reforms mean that learning is taught from a

completely different angle. Progressive educational
practices focus more on the individual student's needs
rather than assuming all students are at the same level
of understanding. The modern way of teaching is more
activity based, using questioning, explaining,
demonstration and collaboration techniques.
• One modern method is spaced learning, this is when students
are encouraged to quickly switch through activities, for
example; providing 10 minutes of knowledge on a subject
with a PowerPoint presentation and then having 15 minutes
of sport. The aim of spaced learning is to achieve better
grades, and it works! It is claimed that this is a more effective
than teaching students by traditional methods for four hours,
thus helping the brain cells to create connections that they
need to remember knowledge. It also helps people relax.
• As an alternate to the lectures, there has been a
lot of modern teaching methods which prove to
be more effective. Some of the important modern
teaching methods would include:
• Problem-Based Learning
• Team-Based Learning
• Small-group discussion
• Flipped-classroom projects
 Advantages of modern teaching methods:

• These teaching methods are considered very effective

learning tool as the active student participation is a must.
• These methods lead to long-term knowledge retention.
• These methods are very effective for students don’t excel
working solo.
• These methods develop teamwork and interpersonal
communication skills.
 3. Communicative and competence-based approach

• Communicative approach to language teaching has been widely

recognized in print in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) over
three decades. Currently, in various types of language institutions over the
world, including universities and colleges, language teachers and
curriculum researchers have advocated communication-oriented teaching
syllabus, admitting that it is more effective ways for improving students’
communication skills. Thus, such tedious and ineffective methods as
grammar-translation methods have been rejected. In this paper, at first we
look at what is communicative competence and then outline the
importance of communicative language teaching and its role.
Communicative competence
•THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION