Global warming

& agricultural
operations
 Overview
• Define global warming
• Greenhouse effect
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Define agricultural waste
• Define agricultural waste management
• Agricultural waste management functions
• Reducing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases
 Global Warming
• increase of the average
temperature of Earth’s
atmosphere
• Emission of greenhouse
gases
• Climate Change
• RA 9729 - Climate Change
Act of 2009
 RA 9729
Climate Change Act of 2009
• Systematically integrates the concept
of climate change in various phases
of policy formulation, development
plans, poverty reduction strategies
and other development tools and
techniques by all agencies and
instrumentalities of the government
 Green House Effect
• When the temperature
rises because the sun’s
heat and light is trapped
in the Earth’s
atmosphere
• Heat and light can get
through the atmosphere,
but it can’t get out. As a
result, temperature rises
 Greenhouse gases
• gases in the atmosphere that absorb radiation
 Global greenhouse gas emissions by
economic sector
• Electricity and Heat Production -burning of
coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity
• Industry -from industry primarily involve fossil
fuels burned on site at facilities for energy. This
sector also includes emissions from chemical,
metallurgical, and mineral transformation
processes not associated with energy
consumption and emissions from waste
management activities.
 Global greenhouse gas emissions by
economic sector
• Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use -from 
agriculture(cultivation of crops and livestock) and
deforestation. This estimate does not include the
CO2 that ecosystems remove from the
atmosphere by sequestering carbon in biomass,
dead organic matter, and soils, which offset
approximately 20% of emissions from this sector.
• Transportation -fossil fuels burned for road, rail,
air, and marine transportation.
 Global greenhouse gas emissions by
economic sector
• Buildings -burning fuels for heat in buildings
or cooking in homes.
• Other Energy -This source of greenhouse gas
emissions refers to all emissions from the
Energy sector which are not directly
associated with electricity or heat production,
such as fuel extraction, refining, processing,
and transportation.
 Agricultural wastes
• residues from the
growing and processing
of raw agricultural
products such as fruits,
vegetables, meat,
poultry, dairy products,
and crops
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• fossil fuel combustion
• cement production
• Deforestation
• land degradation
 Methane (CH4)
• Methane is created
when bacteria break
down organic matter
under oxygen starved
conditions. This occurs
when organic matter is
trapped underwater, as
in rice paddies.
• cattle and livestock
manure
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Fossil fuel combustion
• Use of fertilizers
• Burning of organic matter
 Fluorinated gases (F-gases)
• No natural sources
• gases to which the
element fluorine was
added 
• hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs),
perfluorocarbons
(PFCs), and sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6)
 Agricultural waste management
• planned system in which all
necessary components are
installed and managed to
control and use by-products
of agricultural production in a
manner that sustains or
enhances the quality of air,
water, soil, plant, and animal
resources
Four R’s
 Four R’s
• Reduce the amount of waste product
generated
• Reuse the waste product on the farm or
provide it for others to use
• Recycle the product either on-farm, such
as with land application of manure, or
off-farm, such as with plastic recycling
programs.
• Recover methane gas from manure
waste.
Agricultural waste management functions
 Production
• function of the amount and nature of
agricultural waste generated by an agricultural
enterprise
 Collection
• refers to the initial capture and gathering of
the waste from the point of origin or
deposition to a collection point
• should identify the method of collection,
location of the collection points, scheduling of
the collection, labor requirements, necessary
equipment or structural facilities, management
and installation costs of the components
 Transfer
• refers to the movement and transportation of
the waste throughout the system.
 Storage
• temporary containment of the waste.
• The storage facility of a waste management
system is the tool that gives the manager
control over the scheduling and timing of the
system functions.
 Treatment
• is any function designed to reduce the
pollution potential or modify the physical
characteristics of the waste, such as moisture
and TS content, to facilitate more efficient and
effective handling
 Utilization
• includes reusing and/or recycling of waste
products.
Swine waste management systems
 Reducing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases

• Livestock & Manure Management

• Soil Conservation & Carbon Sequestration
• Energy Conservation & Fuel Switching
• On-Farm Energy Production
 Livestock & Manure Management

• Select high quality feed

that will reduce
methane released
 Livestock & Manure Management

• Manage manure to
reduce methane and
nitrous oxide
– Cover manure storage
facilities
– Optimize manure
application to soil
– Capture and combust
methane from manure
Soil Conservation & Carbon Sequestration

• Implement crop
rotations
• Avoid over application
of fertilizers
• Additional organic
material
Soil Conservation & Carbon Sequestration

• Manage tillage and

residues
• Reforestation
 Energy Conservation & Fuel Switching

• Conduct an on-farm, all-

fuel energy assessment
to identify energy saving
opportunities
• Ensure that all heating
and cooling systems are
in good working order
 Energy Conservation & Fuel Switching

• Use timers, sensors or

variable speed drives on
ventilation, heating, cooling
and lighting systems
• Improve operating
efficiency
• Replace fossil-fuel powered
equipment with electrical
pumps and motors
 On-Farm Energy Production
• Renewable energy sources can displace fossil
fuel use
 RA 9513
Renewable Energy Act of 2008
• Establishes the framework for the
accelerated development and
advancement of renewable energy
(RE) resources (biomass, solar, wind,
run-off river hydro), and the
development of a strategic program
to increase its utilization.
 References:
• Caparino,O. Ph.D, “Status of Agricultural Waste & Utilization in the
Philippines” 2018 International Forum on Sustainable Application of Waste-
to-Energy in Asia Region, February 22-23, 2018, Novotel Ambassador Hotel
Busan, Korea
• Horowitz, J. et. al, “The Role of Agriculture in Reducing Greenhouse Gas
Emissions” (September 2010)
• https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?
content=31493.wba
• Obi, F. et. al, “Agricultural Waste Concept, Generation, Utilization and
Management”, Nigerian Journal of Technology, Vol. 35, No. 4, October 2016,
pp. 957 – 964
• Venkataramanan, M. et. al, “Causes and effects of global warming” Indian
Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 4 issue 3 (March 2011)
• www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/af_bmp_wastemgt.pdf
•THANK YOU!!!