SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS

NAME : ADITYA GHOSH

ROLL NUMBER : 22
UNI ROLL NO : 12230621042
REGISTRATION NO : 21122 0 13 0 6 1 0 0 4 5
DEPT – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
SUBJECT : PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
SUBJECT CODE : PCCAIML 501

ST THOMAS COLLEGE’ OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DATE : 27-07-2023

INDEX :

SL. No TOPIC PAGE. No

1. DEFINITION 1

2. SKEWNESS AND ITS TYPES 1-2

3. KARL PEARSON’S COEFFICIENT OF SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS 3

4. EXAMPLE 4

5. KURTOSIS AND ITS TYPES 5

6. EXAMPLE 6
DEFINITION :
So in simple terms if we have to discuss about the topic of skewness and kurtosis we have to define it with the
help of graphing a distribuition of datas. From plotting a distribuition we will get a shape in our graph which
pretty much varies from one another and thus comes the topic.

SKEWNESS : In simple terms means lack of “symmetry” . It measures the degree of distribution from
symmetry and reveals the direction of scatterdness of the items. A frequency distribution is said to be
symmetrical when values of the variables equidistant from their mean have equal frequencies. If a frequency
distribution is not symmetrical, it is said to be asymmetrical or skewed. Any deviation from symmetry is called
skewness.

TYPES OF SKEWNESS : There are 3 types of graphical representation from which we can defer
skewness :

1. NORMAL DISTRIBUITION : meaning the distribuition is normal and is symmetrical in such cases mean
median and mode have the equal values. Lets look at such a graph

fig 1 : normal distrbuition
Fig 2 : positively skewed distribuition
Fig 3: negatively skewed distribuition
This is a bell shaped curve . Obviously the mean median mode are same
here.
2. POSITIVELY SKEWED DISTRIBUITION : A positively skewed curve has a
longer tail towards the higher values of X i.e. the frequency curve gradually
slopes down towards the higher values of X. In a positively skewed
distribution the mean is greater than the median and then mode and the
median lies in between mean and mode. The frequencies are spread over a
greater range of values on the high value end of the curve (the right hand
side). For a positively skewed distribution Mean > Median > Mode.
3. NEGATIVELY SKEWED DISTRIBUITION : A negatively skewed curve has a
longer tail towards the lower values of X i.e. the frequency curve gradually
slopes down towards the lower values of X as shown in the following
figure.In the negatively skewed distribution the mode is the maximum and
mean is the least. The median lies in between mean and mode. The
elongated tail in negatively skewed distribution is on the left hand side as
would be clear from the figure. For a negatively skewed distribution, Mean
< Median < Mode.
Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Skewness and Kutosis :
This method is most frequently used for measuring skewness. The
formula for measuring coefficient of skewness is given by

Where,
Mean – Mode
SKP = Karl Pearson's Coefficient of skewness,
σ
σ = standard deviation.
Normally, this coefficient of skewness lies between -3 to +3.
EXAMPLE :
Kurtosis and its types :
•Kurtosis is another measure of the shape of a frequency curve. It is a Greek word, which
means bulginess.

•While skewness signifies the extent of asymmetry, kurtosis measures the degree of
peakedness of a frequency distribution.

•Karl Pearson classified curves into three types on the basis of the shape of their peaks.
These are:-
•Leptokurtic
•Mesokurtic
•Platykurtic
•When the peak of a curve becomes
relatively high then that curve is called
Leptokurtic.

•When the curve is flat-topped, then it is

called Platykurtic.

•Since normal curve is neither very

peaked nor very flat topped, so it is taken
as a basis for comparison.

•This normal curve is called Mesokurtic.

Example:
THANK YOU