“Wind Energy In Egypt 

”
By:
Hazem Tawfeek Yassen Tawfeek
Ahmed Tarek Hamed
Yossef Tarek Abdellatef
Mohammed Alaa Abdelmonem
Ahmed Mohammed Elsayed
EZZ Mohammed Mahmoud
Ahmed Ayman Elsherbeny
Amr Amr Abdelmonem

Presented to: Dr. Mohammed Matboly

on Introduction:
65 measuring station
indEnergy potential at t
-- Wind Energy In Egypt 
In Early 1980`s , the Egyptian Ministry of Electricity & Energy has formulated its national
strategy in the field of New and Renewable Sources of Energy (NRSE) as an integral part of its

uez that reaches20000

global energy strategy. The strategy targetedto supply 5 % of the country’s total primary
needs, from NRSE by the year2005. The Priority has been given to Wind, Solar and Biomass.

Wind Energy utilization was promoted to occupy the top of NRSE priorities This fact was a
result of the national wind resource assessment programbased upon 65 measuring stations,
which proved the abundant windEnergy potential at the western coast of the Gulf of Suez that

Egypt, South Sinai enjo

reaches20000 MW. Moreover the North coast of Egypt, South Sinai enjoys appropriate
resources, East Oweinat and Gelf Ridge enjoy a high potential that can reach 80000 MW. The
Red Sea Coast at Zafarana was selectedfor establishment of large scale Wind farms.
Outline
1. What is Wind Turbine ?
2. Components Of Wind Turbines
i. Tower
ii. Rotor
iii. Nacelle
iv. Generator
v. Foundation
3. Wind turbine work

4. Physics Of Wind Turbines

5. Power Output

6. Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines

7. Conclusion
01
What is Wind Turbine ?
 01
What is Wind Turbine?
Definition :
A wind turbine is an electric power generator in which the flow of wind through a
propeller causes a shaft to rotate. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy from
the wind to electricity.
Types :
02
Components Of Wind Turbines
02
Components Of Wind Turbines
● A wind turbine is made up of five main components and many auxiliary
components. The tower, rotor, nacelle, generator, and foundation or base
are the main components. A wind turbine cannot function without all of
these.
 02.i
Tower
● Tower:
Most modern turbines have a round tubular steel tower with a diameter of
3–4 m (10–13 ft) and a height of 75–110 m (250–370 ft), depending on the
size
and location of the turbine. The rule of thumb for a turbine tower is that it
has the same height as the diameter of the circle its blades make when
rotating. Typically, the taller a turbine is, the more wind it is exposed to at
higher speeds. This is because the wind speeds up the further we are from
the ground (wind does not have the same speed at various distances from
the ground).
 02.ii
Rotor
Rotor:
The rotor is the rotating part of a turbine; it is made up of (usually) three
blades and the hub, which is the central part to which the blades are
attached. A turbine does not have to have three blades; it can have two,
four, or another number of blades. The three-blade rotor, on the other
hand, has the highest efficiency and other advantages.
The blades are hollow and built of composite material to make them
light and strong. They're getting bigger (for more power), lighter, and
stronger. To be aerodynamic, the blades have the shape of an airfoil
(similar to airplane wings). They are also not flat, with a twist between
the root and the tip. The blades may turn 90 degrees around their
axes . This motion is called blade pitch.

The hub's job is to hold the blades in place and allow them to rotate
with respect to the rest of the turbine body.
02.iii
Nacelle
Nacelle:

The nacelle is housing on top of the tower that accommodates all the
components that need to be on a turbine top. The proper and healthy
operation of a complicated electromechanical system like a turbine
requires a large number of components. The generator and turbine
shaft, which transfer the gathered power from the wind to the
generator via a gearbox, are important turbine components.
The nacelle contains the gearbox, which is an very
important component of wind turbines. The main shaft speed is
increased via a gearbox from approximately 12–25 rpm* (for most
present turbines) to a speed suitable for the generator. The shaft on
the generator side is hence known as a "high-speed shaft.“
A turbine's rotor must revolve with relation to the tower because it
must follow the wind and change its orientation to the wind direction.
The nacelle and rotor rotate around the tower axis, which is
known as yaw motion.
 02.iv
Generator
Generator:
The generator transfers the mechanical energy collected by the rotor
from the wind into electrical energy. The structure of a generator is
similar to that of an electric motor.

A generator must rotate at a quicker speed than the turbine rotor

because it must match the frequency of the electric network (50 or 60
Hz in most countries). The most of generators must be turned at 1500
rpm (for 50 Hz) and 1800 rpm (for 60 Hz). It is impossible for a turbine
rotor to rotate that quickly. As a result, a gearbox must increase the
rotational speed of the turbine rotor (main shaft) to a speed that can
be used by the generator
 02.V
Foundation
Foundation:
The foundation is under the ground for the onshore turbines; it
cannot be seen because it is covered by soil. It is a large and
heavy structured block of concrete that must hold the whole
turbine and the forces that affect it.

The base of offshore turbines is underwater and cannot be

seen. The base of offshore turbines that are far out in the
water floats, yet it has enough mass to withstand the turbine's
weight and all the forces acting on it, as well as keep it
upright.
03
Wind turbine work
 03
Wind turbine work
Wind turbines operate on a simple principle: instead of using electricity to generate wind
(like a fan does), they use wind to generate electricity. Wind turns the propeller-like blades
of a turbine around a rotor, which spins a generator, which creates electricity.
Wind is a form of solar energy caused by a combination of three concurrent events:
 The sun unevenly heating the atmosphere
 Irregularities of the earth's surface
 The rotation of the earth.
 03
Wind turbine work
A wind turbine turns wind energy into electricity using the aerodynamic force from
the rotor blades, which work like an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade. When
wind flows across the blade, the air pressure on one side of the blade decreases.
The difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade creates both lift
and drag. The force of the lift is stronger than the drag and this causes the rotor to
spin. The rotor connects to the generator, either directly or through a shaft and a
series of gears (a gearbox) that speed up the rotation . This translation of
aerodynamic force to rotation of a generator creates electricity
04
Physics Of Wind Turbines
 04
Physics Of Wind Turbines
Wind energy is the kinetic energy of the moving air. The kinetic energy of a mass m with the velocity v is

Physics of wind turbines The air mass m can be determined from the air density ρ and the air volume V
according to

Power is energy divided by time.

The wind power increases with the cube of the wind speed. In other words: doubling the wind speed gives eight
times the wind power.
 04
Physics Of Wind Turbines
The effective usable wind power is less than indicated by the above equation. The wind speed
behind the wind turbine can not be zero, since no air could follow. Therefore, only a part of the
kinetic energy can be extracted.

The wind speed before the wind turbine is larger than after. The effective
power is the difference between the two wind powers:

The power coefficient cp characterizes the relative drawing power:

05
Power Output
 05
Power Output
The diagram below shows a turbine's power output while wind speeds are steady The blades begin rotating and producing
electricity at the cut-in speed (typically between 6 and 9 mph). More electricity is generated as wind speeds increase until the
rated speed is reached. The turbine's maximum, or rated, power is generated at this point. The power generated by the turbine
remains constant as the wind speed increases until it reaches a cut-out speed (which varies by turbine) at which it shuts down
to avoid undue strain on the rotor.
05
Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines
 05
Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines
Advantages of wind energy:
• Wind is a reliable and infinite renewable energy resource.
• Wind energy is cost effective, and prices are dropping still.
• Wind energy reduces carbon emissions when used instead of fossil fuels.
• The Wind Energy Industry Creates Jobs.

Disadvantages of wind energy:

• Wind energy can be unpredictable as the amount of electricity generated is
dependent on the speed and direction of the wind.
• Wind farms can affect the visual appearance of the landscape.
• Wind turbines can damage the habitats of birds and marine life.
• Safety of People at Risk.
 06
Conclusion
Coastal zones in Egypt enjoy high wind Energy potential. The Red Sea coast
particularly at the Gulf of Suez is one of the highest windy areas of the world

Egypt enjoys excellent wind along the Gulf of Suez with an

average wind speed of 10.5 m/sec. It is just one of 38
countries in the world with a published National Wind Atlas.
Egypt’s wind-generated power capacity is expected to reach 7
GW by 2023, making it an important contributor to the
renewable energy mix.
References
Thanks !