Drugs acting on Central

Nervous System
- SEDATIVE & HYPNOTICS
-HIMANSHU N PANCHAL

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What is sedative & hypnotics?
- Sedative- CNS depressants drug.
- ↓ Ses the excitement, tension, produces
relaxation.
- Hypnotics- depresses the CNS- produces sleep.
- Both sedative & hypnotics acts similarly but act
differently at diff. Dose.
- @ Lower dose- sedative; @ higher dose-
hypnotics.

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Uses-
- Used as a preanaesthetic medication
& as an adjunctive therapy in
psychiatry.
• Antipsychiatrics
• Antianxiety agents
• To potentiate analgesic drugs
• Anticonvulsants
• Adjuvant to anaesthesia
• Muscle relaxants
• A co-drug in the treatment of
• General anaesthetics
• Preanaesthetic medication hypertension

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Mechanism of action

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Classification
1). Barbiturates. - mephobarbital
a). Long acting barbiturates-(6 or MT 6hr) O
O
- barbital O O NH
N

HN NH O
b). Intermediate acting barbiturates (3-6hr)
O
-phenobarbital - Amobarbital

O O O O

HN NH N NH
H3C
O O

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b). Intermediate acting barbiturates (3-6hr) c). Short acting barbiturate (<3hr)
- butabarbital- CH3 -secobarbital-
O O O O
HN NH HN NH

O O
c). Short acting barbiturate (<3hr) d). Ultra short acting barbiturates (15 min)
- Pentobarbital - Thiopentone
CH3 CH3

O O O O

HN NH
HN NH
S
O

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2). Benzodiazepines - Oxazepam - Lorazepam
- Chlordiazepoxide H O H O
N N N
N
OH OH
N Cl N
Cl N Cl
OH Cl

- Diazepam O - Chlorazepate O
a) Triazolo benzodiazepines
N H N
N O - Alprazolam N
N
Cl N
Cl N OH
Cl N

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- Zolpidem b). Alcohol & their carbamate c). Aldehyde & their derivatives
N derivatives. - Paraldehyde

N
- Meprobomate O
O O

O
O O
H2N O O NH2
N
- Ethchlorvynol
3). Miscelleneous
a). Amides & imides HO

- Glutethimide Cl
c). Aldehyde & their derivatives
- Triclofos O
Cl P
O OH
O N O Cl OH
Cl
H
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 O O
O O O

H2N NH2 + HO OH
HN NH

malonic acid O
urea
barbituric acid

i). C2H5ONa
O O ii). 2 C2H5Br
HN NH

O
5,5-diethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione O O

HN NH

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