FLOWERING OF REGIONAL The Development

CULTURES Of Languages
DEVELOPMENT OF
LANGUAGES

•We all know that India developed in all ways during the
Medieval Period. In this period, one of the most prominent
factors which impacted our country was the Delhi Sultanate.
•The rulers of the Delhi Sultanate influenced our countries in
many major ways such as introducing new cuisines, fashions
and even languages.
•In fact, they brought to us Arabic and Persian, the fusion of
which birthed Urdu.
ARABIC

• Arabic, the language of Prophet Muhammad, was widely

popular in the central and western parts of Asia.
• The Delhi Sultans and regional kingdoms also patronized
the language.
• The language was mainly used in religious and
philosophical pieces, one of the most prominent being
Fatwa-i-Alamgiri, a treatise written during Aurangzeb’s
reign on law.
 PERSIAN
•Persian gained importance in Central Asia during the 10 th Century CE. Several Persian
scholars including Firdausi and Sadi lived between the 10th and the 14th Century CE.
•Persian was introduced in India as the administrative language after the arrival of the
Turks.
•One of the most prominent personalities was Amir Khusrau (1252-1325 CE), a leading poet
associated with the Sultanate. He is famed for his compositions, including classical
romances.
•Amir Khusrau also introduced the sabaq-i-hindi (style of India) and developed Hindavi, a
language whose name meant ‘of Hind’.
•His historical poems are valued for their literary and historical content. His works were in
the languages of Hindustani and Arabic.
•His important works include Khaliq Bari, a dictionary in verse, Tughlaqnama, which
speaks of the rise of Ghiyazuddin Tughlaq. Ghazals, a new form of literary composition
was created by him.
 INFLUENCE OF AMIR KHUSRAU
• Amir Khusrau’s works had a significant impact. His works showed that Indian
traditions influenced Persian scholars.
•His writings led to a cultural exchange between Sanskrit and Persian in that several
Sanskrit works were translated into Persian. Zia Nakshabi, whose Tuti Nama (Tales of a
Parrot) is based on a Sanskrit work, was the pioneer of this effort. Even the
Mahabharata and the Ramayana were translated into Persian.
•Many works, which now fall into the category of literary artifacts, were written in and
translated to Persian. Historians such as Minhaj-us-Siraj, Barani, Afif and Isami were
important during this period.
•Faizi, Utbi and Naziri were leading Persian poets.
•Over time, India developed ties with Central Asia and Iran with the Persian language as
a link.
QUIZ TIME
1.Which language did Prophet Muhammad use?
Ans:
2.What new literary style did Khusrau introduce?
Ans.
3.What is the Khaliq Bari?
Ans.
4.Who wrote Tuti Nama?
Ans.
5. ________________ is a treatise on law written during Aurangzeb’s reign.
Ans.
ANSWERS
1.Which language did Prophet Muhammad use?
Ans: Arabic
2.What new literary style did Khusrau introduce?
Ans. Sabaq-i-hindi
3.What is the Khaliq Bari?
Ans. A dictionary in verse
4.Who wrote Tuti Nama?
Ans. Zia Nakshabi
5. ________________ is a treatise on law written during Aurangzeb’s
reign. Ans. Fatwa-i-Alamgiri
Group 1:
Anwesha
Prisha
Avni
Divij
Sayed
Riddhiman