THERMAL

ENGINEERING-II
UNIT 3
Boiler Accessories

ACCESSORIES OF

HIGH PRESSURE BOILER

Mr.Titus.R,
Head of the Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
GEMS Polytechnic College,
Aurangabad, Bihar.
1
 Accessories of high pressure boiler
There are auxiliary plants required for steam boiler for their
proper operation & for increase of their efficiency. The
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various accessories are

• Feed Pump
• Economizer
• Super Heater
• Air Preheater
• Steam Traps and Separators
 Accessories of high pressure boiler
Feed pump:
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Feed pump is placed nearby the boiler and is used to feed

water to boiler working at a high pressure.
The job of feed pump is not just put the water in the boiler
but as boiler is working at high pressure, discharge pressure
of feed pump must be sufficiently higher than this to push the
water inside the boiler.
 Feed pump

Construction & working

The feed pump used in boiler is of two types

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(i) Reciprocating type

(ii) Rotary type.

Both these types are positive displacement type to discharge against high pressure.

The discharge pressure of a single stage centrifugal pump is not high enough to

overcome the high pressure of boiler so multistage centrifugal pump is used as a

boiler feed pump.

 Feed pump

• In stationary low pressure boiler used in processing industries, a multistage

centrifugal pump run by an electrical motor is more suitable.
• In multistage centrifugal pump, a number of centrifugal casing are so attached to
each other that the impeller of each is mounted on the same shaft run by an
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electrical motor and discharge of 1st stage goes to 2nd stage and of 2nd to 3rd
stage and so on.
• As shown in figure, in each stage the pressure of water goes on increasing and
discharge pressure of final stage is so high as to overcome the internal pressure of
boiler. Theses pumps have independent working and have smooth operation.
Boiler Accessories
Boiler Accessories Feed pump
 Accessories of high pressure boiler
Economiser:
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An economiser is a device in which the waste heat of the flue

gases is utilized for heating the feed water.
• Economiser is very important part of the boiler, with the
help the economiser the efficiency of the boiler increased
and the evaporative capacity of the boiler is increased.
Economiser are of two type Independent type and Integral
type.
Boiler Accessories
Economizer
 Accessories of high pressure boiler
Super heater:
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The function of a super heater is to increase the temperature of

the steam above its saturation point.
• Whatever type of boiler is used, steam will leave the water at
its surface and pass into the steam space.
• Steam formed above the water surface in a shell boiler is
always saturated and cannot become superheated in the boiler
shell, as it is constantly in contact with the water surface.
 Super heater
• If superheated steam is required, the saturated steam must
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pass through a super heater.

• This is simply a heat exchanger where additional heat is
added to the saturated steam.
• In water-tube boilers, the super heater may be an additional
pendant suspended in the furnace area where the hot gases
will provide the degree of superheat required
 Super heater
• The superheater raises the temperature of saturated steam without increasing
its pressure. It consists of a small bundle of tubes.
• It is set in the path of the hot flue gas of the furnace. Saturated steam passes
Boiler Accessories

inside the heater tubes, and hot flue gases pass outside the tubes.
• Thus the transfer of heat takes place in saturated steam from hot flue gases
and raises its temperature without increasing the pressure of steam.
• For this purpose, convection superheaters and radiation superheaters are
used.
• The change in steam temperature depends on the position of the superheater,
the temperature of the hot flue gases, the configuration of the superheater,
and the flow of steam.
• If the temperature of the saturated steam rises to 100C with the help of a
superheater, then a 1 percent saving of fuel can be achieved.
 Advantages of Super heater

• Steam consumption reduced.

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• Protection from turbine corrosion.

• The losses from the condensation of steam in cylinders and
pipes are reduced.
• Increases efficiency of plants.
 A water tube boiler with a super heater
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Boiler Accessories
Super heater
 Accessories of high pressure boiler
Air-pre heater:
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The function of air pre heater is to increase the temperature of

air before it enters the furnace.
• It is generally placed after the economiser.
• So that flue gases pass through the economiser and then to
air preheat.
• Usually, there are three types of  pre-heater are Tubular
type, Plate type and Regenerative type.
 Air-pre heater
• The air preheater is used to recover heat from the exhaust
flue gases.
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• It is established between the chimney and the economist.

Through the preheater, air passes for combustion purposes.
• This increases the temperature of the combustion air with
the help of exhaust flue gases.
• The air passes through the heater tubes, and the flue gas
passes through the outside of the heater tubes.
 Air-pre heater
• Thus, heat is transferred from the flue gases to the air
required for combustion.
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• If the temperature of the combustion air rises to 1000F with

the help of an air preheater, 2.3 to 2.6 percent of fuel can be
saved.
• In some situations, 5% to 10% of fuel savings can also be
achieved.
 Advantages of Air-pre heater
• The evaporative capacity per kilogram of fuel increases.
• For every increase in air temperature, the boiler increases 2
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percent of efficiency.
• It Burns better with less smoke, soot, and ash.
• Allows low-grade fuel to burn with less excess air.
Boiler Accessories
 Steam trap & Separators
• In turbines, the use of wet steam is unworkable;
• Therefore, a steam separator, also known as a moisture
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separator, is used.
• The function of the steam separator is to remove water
droplets from the steam.
• It is installed on the main steam pipe in the boiler.
• It is important to remove steam that is in the water because
water droplets in the steam reduce thermal efficiency.
 Steam trap & Separators
• Water can accumulate in the cylinder and cause a hydrostatic
lock which damages the engine.
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• In thermal power plants, water droplets of high-speed steam

from the nozzle damage the turbine blades.
• According to operating principles, they are classified as
Impact or Baffle Type, Reverse Current Type, Centrifugal
Type.
Boiler Accessories
Steam trap & Separators
 THERMAL
ENGINEERING-II
UNIT 3
Boiler Accessories

ACCESSORIES OF

HIGH PRESSURE BOILER

Mr.Titus.R,
Head of the Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
GEMS Polytechnic College,
08/08/2023 Aurangabad, Bihar. INDUSTRIAL FLUID POWER 24