The research methodology

and instruments
Lesson 3: Group 3
OVERVIEW
In this lesson, you will learn how to construct a
research methodology, also known as research plan.
• Moreover, you will get some ideas about
constructing your own research instruments.
What is a research methodology?
• Research methodology is a systematic process that is used by
researchers to conduct research. It involves choosing research design,
selecting appropriate methods to collect and analyze data, and
reporting of results.
 How to write a Research Methodology?
(1)inform the readers about the participants to the study.
(2) Review the statement of the problem, then provide a plan on how
to solve each problem.
(3) State what instruments or materials you will use to gather
information from the participants.
(4) Describe the procedure of gathering the data, and (5) Identify the
statistical treatment of the data gathered.
The research Instruments

research instruments are tools and techniques used by

researchers to gather data and information for their study
instruments may vary depending on the nature of your
research

Since the goal of this module is to help you make a

statistical mini-research, therefore, we will focus on the
data gathering methods that expect a
quantitative data.
These are the seven Interview
common data -An interview is a face-to-face discussion between two
persons with the only purpose of collecting important
gathering methods. information for research purposes. Interviews are of
1. INTERVIEW different types discussed below:
2. QUESTIONNAIRES • Structured Interviews – This is like a questionnaire
that is administered verbally.
3. REPORTING
• Semi-structured Interviews – In this method, a list of
4. EXISTING DATA key questions which cover the scope of the areas to
be explored.
5. OBSERVATION
• Unstructured Interviews – It is an in-depth interview
6. FOCUS GROUPS that allows the researcher to collect a wide-range of
data with a purpose.
7. COMBINATION
Data gathering instrument: outline, script, transcript
of interview
These are the seven
common data QUESTIONNAIRES
gathering methods.
1. INTERVIEW This is the process of collecting data
2. QUESTIONNAIRES through an instrument consisting of
3. REPORTING a series of questions and prompts
to receive a response from the
4. EXISTING DATA research participants.
5. OBSERVATION
6. FOCUS GROUPS
7. COMBINATION
Data gathering instrument: questioners
These are the seven REPORTING
common data
gathering methods. Data reporting is the process of
1. INTERVIEW gathering and submitting data to be
subjected to analysis.
2. QUESTIONNAIRES
3. REPORTING Reporting tools enable you to extract
4. EXISTING DATA and present data in charts, tables, and
other visualizations so users can find
5. OBSERVATION useful information.
6. FOCUS GROUPS
Data Gathering Instrument: Reporting tools like
7. COMBINATION charts, tables, and other visualizations from Non-
Governmental Organizations (NGO) reports,
newspapers,
website articles, hospital records.
These are the seven
common data EXISTING DATA
gathering methods.
1. INTERVIEW Existing data means that data is
2. QUESTIONNAIRES collected from existing sources to
3. REPORTING examine research questions other
than those for which the data were
4. EXISTING DATA originally gathered.
5. OBSERVATION
6. FOCUS GROUPS Data Gathering Instrument: Indicate existing source like
archives, class records, research journals, surveys, etc.
7. COMBINATION
These are the seven OBSERVATION
common data
In this data collection method, information is gathered
gathering methods. through observation. Observation involves the active
1. INTERVIEW acquisition of information from a primary source

2. QUESTIONNAIRES The best tools for Observation (Research Instruments)

are:
3. REPORTING
• Checklists – Based on a specific criterion, the
4. EXISTING DATA researcher gathers information and make judgments
about what they should know in relative to the results.
5. OBSERVATION • Direct observation – The evaluator watches the
subject in his or her usual environment without
6. FOCUS GROUPS altering that environment.
7. COMBINATION
These are the seven
common data FOCUS GROUPS
gathering methods
1. INTERVIEW This data gathering method involves
2. QUESTIONNAIRES asking open-ended questions to a
3. REPORTING group of individuals usually ranging
from 6-10 people, to provide
4. EXISTING DATA feedback.
5. OBSERVATION
Data Gathering Instruments: Outline, transcript of
6. FOCUS GROUPS Discussions
7. COMBINATION
These are the seven
common data COMBINATION RESEARCH
gathering methods
1. INTERVIEW This method of data collection
2. QUESTIONNAIRES involves the use of innovative
methods to boost participation to
3. REPORTING both individuals and groups. Also,
4. EXISTING DATA under the primary category, it is a
5. OBSERVATION blend of Interviews and Focus Groups
while collecting qualitative data. This
6. FOCUS GROUPS method is key when dealing with
7. COMBINATION sensitive subjects.
 SUMMARY

A research methodology is a plan to solve the problems

investigated in the study.
In writing a research methodology, describe the participants,
present the plan to solve each problem, identify the research
instruments, describe the data gathering procedure, and
discuss the statistical treatment of the data gathered
THANKYOU FOR LISTENING
And i hope you can forgive us all in my group