The Research Methodology and Instruments

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

concept development is the detail version of idea,

explained keeping in mind consumers’ needs. Which
section of customers can be targeted, who will buy this,
etc. are some basis for concept development. 
WHAT IS A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?

 A research methodology is a plan designed by

the researcher to solve problems under study.
HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?

 (1) Inform the readers about the participants to the

study. You may describe the participants.

 (2) Review the statement of the problem, then

provide a plan on how to solve each problem.

 (3) State what instruments or materials you will use

to gather information from the participants.
 (4) Describe the procedure of gathering the
data.

 (5) Identify the statistical treatment of the

data gathered.
THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
 Research instruments are tools used to gather research data.
Instruments may vary depending on the nature of your research.
The qualitative research methods of data collection is based on the
non-quantifiable elements like the feeling or emotion of the
researcher.

 Quantitative methods are presented in numbers and require a

mathematical calculation to deduce. An example would be the use
of a questionnaire with close-ended questions to arrive at figures to
be calculated mathematically.
 DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND TOOLS

1. INTERVIEW
 Structured Interviews – This is like a questionnaire that is
administered verbally. It is often completed within a short period,
and efficient.
 Semi-structured Interviews – In this method, a list of key questions
which cover the scope of the areas to be explored.
 Unstructured Interviews - It is an in-depth interview that allows the
researcher to collect a wide-range of data with a purpose.
 Data Gathering Instrument: Outline, script, transcript of interview.
2. QUESTIONNAIRES
 This is the process of collecting data through an instrument consisting of a series
of questions and prompts to receive a response from the research participants.
 Data Gathering Instrument: Questionnaire
3. REPORTING
 Data reporting is the process of gathering and submitting data to
be subjected to analysis.
 Data Gathering Instrument: Reporting tools like charts, tables,
and other visualizations from Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGO) reports, newspapers, website articles, hospital records.
4. EXISTING DATA
 Existing data means that data is collected from existing sources to examine research
questions other than those for which the data were originally gathered.
 Data Gathering Instrument: Indicate existing source like archives, class records,
research journals, surveys, etc.
5. OBSERVATION
The best tools for Observation (Research Instruments) are:
• Checklists – Based on a specific criterion, the researcher gathers information and make
judgments about what they should know in relative to the results.
•Direct observation - This is an observational study method of collecting
evaluative information.
6. FOCUS GROUPS
 This data gathering method involves asking open-ended questions to a
group of individuals usually ranging from 6-10 people, to provide feedback.
This method focuses more on qualitative research.
7. COMBINATION RESEARCH
 This method of data collection involves the use of innovative
methods to boost participation to both individuals and
groups. Also, under the primary category, it is a blend of
Interviews and Focus Groups while collecting qualitative
data.
 HOW TO WRITE THE SURVEY QUESTIONS

Step 1: Focus on your survey goals and objectives.

 The first step in constructing survey questions is to focus on the survey goal.
Step 2: Identify the quantities/qualities that need to be measured
 Based on the survey goal, ask yourself what you want to measure from the
responses of the participants.
Step 3: Select the Appropriate Types of Questions.
 Identify the type of questions before you begin writing the questions used in
a survey questionnaire.
 . Open-ended questions are broad and can be answered in detail (e.g. "Why
do you need financial support from the government during this pandemic?"),
while closed-ended questions
 Step 4: Choose the Types of Response Options.
 The type of response options follow the type of
questions you are to use in writing the questionnaire.
 Step 5: Check the Questions for Reliability.
 Reliability is an important measure on the consistency of
the survey results that are gathered by using the
questionnaire.
 The Research Methodology

 This statistical mini-research will be participated by the grade 10

Olive students of Pangantucan National High School, Pangantucan
Bukidnon during the school year 2019-2020. A total of 40 students
of which 18 are males and 22 are females will be taken as
participants. To solve the problem, the researcher will get the
average score in the summative test on sequences during the first
quarter of the school year.
 THANK YOU

GROUP-5
Princess vernajoy Ramirez- Leader
April love Bacalso
Rechel jane celis
Niel Galua
Enrico Albarida