Lesson 4

Data Gathering
Procedure and Discussion
of Results
THE DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

•Before you start gathering information to

answer the problems in your research, make sure
that your data gathering tools – your research
instruments – have been validated by your
teacher.
•As a researcher, you should assure the participants to
your study that whatever data you acquire from them
shall be confidential.

•Since this is a mini-research, you are expected to deal

will smaller samples so that your study can be worked
out and accomplished in a shorter time possible.
SLOVEN’S FORMULA

Where N is the population size,

N n is the sample size, and
n=1+Ne² e is the error tolerance or
margin of error.
This value refers to
the chance of committing

statistical errors.
Gxhdhs
Example:

The Health Worker wants to

Formula:
conduct a survey on the
6,017 resident’s in the N
Barangay for Sinovac
vaccination. By using 3%
n=1+Ne²
margin of error, how many
actual persons be included in
the vaccination?
HOW TO MAKE A
SYSTEMATIC AND
LOGICALLY
SEQUENCED
DISCUSSION OF
RESULTS?
After you have organized your research data, the next
step is to perform data analysis.
The number of research questions there is in your
research determines the number of times you perform
data analysis.

To effectively carry out the data analysis, review your

plan in solving each research problem. It is written in the
research methodology.
1 PRESENTATION
In presenting your data, begin with stating the
research question. This will be followed by the
presentation of the data gathered from the
participants. Make a short discussion or description
about the data.
You may present your
data in;
TABULAR FORM

FREQUENCY TABLE

GRAPHS
1 PRESENTATION

2 ANALYSIS
 Actually, this is the point where you apply statistical
treatment to your data. However, you have to take note
that there is no need to show the detailed solutions to
the problem. Just present the summary or the outcome
of your calculations. Usually, this result is summarized
in tabular form.
1 PRESENTATION

2 ANALYSIS

3 INTERPRETATION
Whenever the results of the statistical treatment are
available, give meaning to those numbers by making
your interpretations. In this part, you will answer the
question:
What does the result mean? What answer does it give
to the research question? Moreover, review the list of
literatures and studies collected which may support or
contradict with the findings of your research.
1 PRESENTATION

2 ANALYSIS

3 INTERPRETATIO
N

4 SUMMARY
The last step is to wrap up or summarize
the findings of your research. In this
section you will state the answer to the
research question.
Classmates, would
you like to see a
sample research?
Identify if it’s true or false
1) Regardless of the number of research questions,
perform data analysis only once.
2) It is acceptable to repeat all numbers in the table as
you describe the content of the table.
3) Citing studies whose results are related to the result
of your study strengthens the findings of your research.
4) PAIS format helps a researcher make a systematic and
logical sequence of discussion. PAIS stands for
presentation, analysis, interpretation, and summary.
5) The statistical treatment to use in data analysis
should coincide with the research methodology.
 SUMMARY

As you discuss the results of your study, follow the

PAIS approach. Begin your discussion by presenting
your data. After presenting the data, proceed to the
analysis of the data gathered. This is the statistical
part of the discussion. The researcher should make an
interpretation based on the result of the analysis. This
intends to answer the research problems.
The last part of the discussion is the summary of the
findings of the study.
 MEMBERS
Giselle Mae Bapilar
Angel Manguiran
Monsour Alcoser
Ritchelo Awiten
Edson Santos