Starter

• Calculate the median of these numbers:

5, 7, 3, 6, 10, 4, 8, 7, 7

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 10

11, 8, 9, 10, 3, 6, 8, 10

3, 6, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11
8.5
 Quartiles
•  
 Quartiles
• Here are the maths test results of 23 male students:

3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10,
10

• Lower Quartile: = = = 6th = 4

• Median: = = = 12th = 7
• Upper Quartile: 3 x LQ = 18th = 9
 Quartiles
• Below are the ages of 15 members of a golf club.
Calculate the median and quartiles for the data.

20, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 33, 33, 36, 39, 50, 57, 60, 65, 65

• Lower Quartile: = = = 4th = 24

• Median: = = = 8th = 33
• Upper Quartile: 3 x LQ = 12th = 57
 Quartiles
• Quartiles are more useful when comparing two sets of data.

• Here are the ages of another golf club. Calculate the median
and quartiles and compare the ages of the members of the
two golf clubs
18, 23, 25, 27, 27, 37, 38, 45, 47, 49, 49, 50, 50, 58, 61, 66,
69
• Lower Quartile: = = = 4.5th = 27
• Median: = = = 9th = 47
• Upper Quartile: 3 x LQ = 13.5th = 54
 Quartiles
Golf Club A Golf Club B
Lower Quartile 24 27
Median 33 47
Upper Quartile 57 54

• Which golf club has more younger members?

• Which golf club has more older members?

• What can you say about the age profile of each golf club
in general?
 Box Plots
Learning Objectives:

• Know what the quartiles are and able to

calculate them
• Able to draw a box plot
• Able to interpret a box plot, including
the interquartile range
 Box Plots
• A box plot is a way of illustrating key
information about a set of data

• They are also very useful for comparing the

distribution of two sets of data (e.g. boys vs
girls)
 Box Plots
• To draw a box plot, you need FIVE pieces of
information:

• The minimum value

• The lower quartile
• The median
• The upper quartile
• The maximum value
Box Plots
Here are the maths test results of 23
male students:

3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10

Work out the values for the LQ,

median and the UQ
 Quartiles
• Here are the maths test results of 23 male students:

3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10,
10

• Lower Quartile: = = = 6th = 4

• Median: = = = 12th = 7
• Upper Quartile: 3 x LQ = 18th = 9
• Minimum Value: 3 The Interquartile Range (IQR) is
• the UQ – LQ.
Lower Quartile: 4
• Median: 7 It illustrates the spread of the
• Upper Quartile: 9 middle 50% of the data.
• Maximum Value: 10
The larger the IQR, the more
• Interquartile Range: 5 spread out, and less consistent the
data.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Maths Test Scores
 • The box plot below shows the data for 23
female students.

• Girls median higher

so on average, girls GIRLS
scored higher
• IQR lower so girls
results were more
consistent0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
• Girls minimum
value was higher so
boys scored the
BOYS
lowest

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Maths Test Scores
 Box Plots
Golf Club A Golf Club B
Minimum Value 18 19
Lower Quartile 24 27
Median 33 47
Upper Quartile 57 54
Maximum Value 63 67

Draw box plots to represent the age of members

of the two golf clubs
 Work in your groups
• The number of spelling mistakes of 7 male students
on their homework is shown below

4, 9, 3, 5, 8, 10, 5

a) Calculate a five figure summary for this data

b) Draw a box plot for the data
c) Write a couple of sentences to interpret what your
box plot shows you
 Work in your groups
• The five figure summary for the girls is shown in the table
below
Minimum value 4
Lower Quartile 5
Median 8
Upper Quartile 9
Maximum value 12

d) Use it to draw a box plot for the girls

e) Write a couple of sentences to compare the number of
spelling mistakes made by boys and girls
Cumulative Frequency and Box Plots
Example: The table below shows the ages that men from two professions
spotted their first grey hair.

Teachers Doctors
Age, y, years Frequency Cumulative Frequency Cumulative
Frequency Frequency
20 < y ≤ 25 5 0
5 0
25 < y ≤ 30 15 14
20 14
30 < y ≤ 35 12 19
32 33
35 < y ≤ 40 6 6
40 < y ≤ 45 2 38 1 39
40 40

a) Calculate the cumulative frequencies

b) Draw cumulative frequency curves on the same axes
c) Use your cumulative frequency curves to draw box plots to compare the
data
d) Write sentences to explain what your box plots show you.
 Median = 40 ÷ 2 = 20th value
Median (T) = 30 years
Median (D) = 32 years

40 LQ = ¼ x 40 = 10th value
LQ (T) = 27 years
35 LQ (D) = 29 years
Cumulative Frequency

30 UQ = ¾ x 40 = 30th value
UQ (T & D) = 34 years
25 Teachers
Doctors
20

15

10

5
0 Age
 40

35
Cumulative Frequency

30
Teachers
25 Doctors

20
• On average, teachers go
15 grey at a younger age as
their median is lower
10
• However, doctors go grey at
5 a more similar age as their
range and interquartile
0 range is smaller.
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Teachers
Doctors
How do you check if a value is an outlier?
•interquartile range (IQR) tells you the range of the middle
half of your dataset. 
•IQR acts as the border line around your data 
• outliers are any values that fall outside those border

How to calculate?.
•Calculate the IQR
•Calculate the lower border ( LQ - 1.5 IQR)
•Calculate the upper border (UP + 1.5 IQR)
•Any values that fall outside of these border values are outliers
 Individual Task
• Complete the past papers on
cumulative frequency and boxplot worksheet