MULTICULTURA

LISM AT
DISCRIMINASYO
N
Guro. G. John Christopher M. Benjamin
MULTICULTURALI
SM
WHAT IS
MULTICULTURALISM?
 As a descriptive term it refers to cultural diversity
were two or more groups with distinctive
beliefs/cultures exist in a society.
It can also refer to government policy as a formal
recognition of the cultural distinctiveness of
particular groups.
It implies a positive endorsement of cultural
diversity.
THE KEY TENENTS
 POSTCOLONIALISM
 Post colonialism sought to challenge the cultural
dimension of imperial rule by establishing the legitimacy
of non western political ideas and traditions.

 It is a challenge of Eurocentrism which is the application

of values and theoris drawn from European Culture to
other groups.
Eurocentrism - it is the attitude, conceptual apparatus, or set of
empirical belief that frame Europe as the primary engine and
architect of world History
 IDENTITY
 Multiculturalism is a form of identity politics to advance
the interest of particular groups in the face of perceived
or actual injustice.
 It seeks to raise awareness via stressing a collective
identity and common experiences.
It is communitarian- people cannot be understood outside
of society and are shaped by social and cultural contexts
to which they belong..
 Multiculturalists hold that culture shapes values, norms
and assumptions through which individual identity is
formed, and provides a sense of rootedness.

There is a focus on ethnicity. Members of ethnic groups

are seen as descended from common ancestorts making
the ethnic group an extended kinship group. It gives
people a common identity and sense of distinctiveness.
 Religion is also very important for groups of non
western groups for example Muslim groups in western
societies.. However, for others, it can be language the
Quebecois in Canada, Welsh or the Spanish Basques.
Language helps to keep alive a body of literature, myths
and legends.
 MINORITY RIGHTS
 Self government. This applies where people are
territorially concentrated such as native Americans. It
involves the devolution of power (consociationalism)

In the case of immigration, the granting of polytechnic

rights- e.g. legal exemptions- halal or kosher butchers.
 Minority or Multicultural rights are separate from liberal
view on rights because they belong to the group rather
than an individual. Hence multiculturalism is essentially
collective and communitarian.

 Whilst seeking to treat cultural groups as equal in their

entitlement to recognition, multiculturalism is prepared to
grant preferential rights to specific groups as way of
redressing past wrong via positive discrimination.
 DIVERSITY
 Multiculturalist believe that cultural diversity is
compatible with political cohesion. People have
multiple identities and therefore loyalties.

 People are able to participate in society because they

have firm and secure identity rooted in their own
culture. Denial of culture results in isolation and
powerlessness providing a breeding ground for
extremism.
 Diversity should be celebrated. It foster cross cultural
tolerance and understanding.
WHY IS
MULTICULTURALISM
COMPATIBLE WITH
LIBERALISM
 It coincides with liberal commitment to toleration and a
desire to uphold freedom of choice.
 Liberalism is neutral to the moral and cultural choices
citizens make.
 Liberalism is difference blind- cultural difference is
irrelevant because all people should be regarded as morally
autonomous individuals.
 Liberals draws a distinction between the public and
private sphere- the latter is seen as realm of freedom where
people are free to express cultural, religious and language
identity.
WHAT ARE THE
LIMITS TO
LIBERAL
MULTICULTURALI
SM?
 Toleration is extended only to view and practices compatible
with personal freedom and autonomy.
 In drawing a distinction between the public and private
sphere, liberals expect everyone to share a concensus civic
allegiance-leading to ban on hijab in France or of all form of
overt religious affiliation in French schools.
 liberal regard liberal democracy as the sole legitimate
political system as it ensures the government is based on the
consent of the people. Therefore, liberals would oppse calls
for the adoption of shari’a law.
 Liberals will only tolerate groups which are prepared to
tolerate and respect thee rights of others.
 Multiculturalism by stressing group needs and interests is
another form of collectivism where the rights and needs of the
individual are subordinated to those of the groups and can lead
to ‘ghettoization’ whereby people identify only with the needs
of a particular group and fail to recognize or respect the rights
of other groups.
PARTICULARIST
MULTICULTURALI
SM
 Isaiah Berlin went beyond liberal multiculturalism by
endorsing value pluralism, This is the theory that there is no
single overriding conception of the good life.
 A form of live and let live.
 A ‘post-liberal’ stance in which liberal values are no longer
seen as having monopoly of legitimacy.
 Cultural diversity takes place within a context of unequal
power in which certain groups have had advantages denied to
other groups. Particularist multiculturalism is therefore
aligned to the needs and interest of marginalized groups.
COSMOPOLITAN
MULTICULTURALI
SM
 Cosmopolitan multiculturalist endorse cultural diversity and identity
politics.
 It emphasizes cultural exchange and what each culture can learn from
others.
 It encourages cultural mixing or a pick and mix approach to cultural
where people can dip into a variety of cultural practices.
 Culture is fluid and related to personal needs and circumtances rather
than being fixed and historiacally embedded..
 Society is a melting pot of different ideas, values and traditions rather
than a cultural mosaic of separate ethnic and religious groups. This is
hybridity whereby people develeop multiple identities.
WHY DO
CONSERVATIVE
FEAR/OPPOSE
MULTICULTURALI
SM?
 Shared values and belief are seen by Conservatives as
necessary precondition for a stable and successful society.
 Human beings are drawn to those who are similar to
themselves and fear of strangers and foreigners is natural.
 Multiculturalism is inherently flawed as multicultural societies
are fractured and conflict ridden. Multiculturalis image of
‘diversity with unity’ is a myth.
 Conservatives press for assimilation in which the immigrant
communities lose their cultural distinctiveness by adkusting to
the values, aallegiances and lifestyles of the ‘host’ society.
 Multiculturalism by its association with colonialism and racism
by favouring the culture of minority groups through positive
discrimination and positive rights demeans the culture of the
majority group.
FEMINISTS AND
MULTICULTURALI
SM
 Feminist are concerned when minority rights and politics of
recognition serve to preserve and legitimizepatriarchal and
traditional beliefs that disadvantage women.
 Feminists are concerened with cultural practices such as dress
codes, family structures etc which reinforce structural gender
biases.
 Feminists are concerned that women will be under ccultural
pressure not to speak out for their rights and seek redress
through religious courts in divorce cases rather than speak out
or advance their rights.
SOCIAL
REFORMISMTS
AND
MULTUCULTURAL
ISM
 Multiculturalims encourages group to seek advancement
through cultural or ethnic assertiveness rather than via struggle
for social justice.
 Multiculturalism therefore fails to address issues of class
inequality and lack of economic power and social status.
 Multiculturalism divides people and weakens those who have
a common economic interest in alleviating poverty and
promoting social reform.
 A more acute awareness of cultural differences may weaken
support for welfarist and redistributive policies.
DISCRIMINASYON
DISKRIMINASYON
Ang negatibo at hindi makatarungang pagtrato sa
mga tao dahil sa pagkakaiba ng kanilang katangian.
 ANYO NG DISKRIMINASYON:
 Kulay
 Relihiyon o paniniwala
 Trabaho
 Pagkamamamayan
 Edukasyon
 Kasarian at seksuwal na oryentasyon
 Civil Status
 Kapansanan
 Lahi
 Pagtanggap ng benepisyo mula sa
pamahalaan  Kalakalan

 Estado ng pamilya  Transportasyon

 Paggamit ng lupain  Pagboto

 Edad  Pisikal na katangian

 Lugar na pinagmulan  Kakayahan

 Uri ng hanapbuhay.
EPEKTO NG
DISKRIMINASYON
 PISIKAL

EMOSYONAL

PANLIPUNAN

INTELEKTUWAL
INTELEKTUWAL
 kakulangan ng motibasyon upang mag-aral o magtrabaho
 Kakulangan ng pagkakataong makapag-aral o
makapagtrabaho
 Kakulangan sa mga kasanayan at kaalaman
 Pagbuo ng maling paniniwala
 Makitid na pananaw
 Maling pagpapasya.
KASO NG DISKRIMINASYON
Holocaust ni Hitler
Ang Genocide sa Cambodia
MGA BATAS PARA SA
DISKRIMINASYON SA
TRABAHO:
 Equal Pay Act of 1963
 Age discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
 Magna Carta for disabled Persons and for the other
purposes.
Gumawa ng talaraawan. Isulat dito ang anyo ng
diskriminasyon na iyong nasaksihan o personal na
naranasan. Ilarawan ang pangunahing dahilan at
epekto nito.