VENN DIAGRAMS

Venn Diagrams

A Venn diagram is a drawing in which sets are

represented by geometric figures such as
circles and rectangles.

Venn diagrams can be used to illustrate the

relationships between sets, and the effects of
set operations.

Venn diagrams are also used in other areas of

mathematics, such as counting, probability and
logic.
Set operations

We will look at three basic set operations

Intersection
S  T = only the member of sets S and T in common

Union
S  T = all the members of both sets S and T

Complement
S = everything that is not in set S
Venn Diagrams - Intersection

Let S, T represent any sets in a universe U. The Venn

diagram below illustrates the effect of
intersection. The shaded region corresponds to S  T.
Venn Diagrams - Union

Let S, T represent any sets in a universe U. The Venn

diagram below illustrates the effect of
union. The shaded region corresponds to
S  T.
Venn diagrams - Complement

Let S, T represent any sets in a universe U. The Venn

diagram below illustrates the effect of
complement. The shaded region corresponds to S.
Set Information

A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather,

Gone With the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia}

B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard

of Oz, Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}

C = {Gone With the Wind, Casablanca, West Side

Story, An Affair To Remember, Roman Holiday}.
Set operations

Form a new set whose elements are those that sets A and B
have in common
A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With
the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia}
B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz,
Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}

{Citizen Kane, Casablanca}

This set is called the INTERSECTION of A and B, denoted
A  B.
A  B = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca}
Set operations

Find B  C

B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz,

Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}
C = {Gone With the Wind, Casablanca, West Side Story, An
Affair To Remember, Roman Holiday}

B  C = {Casablanca}
Set operations

A different operation: form a new set that contains all the elements of A
along with all the elements of B.
A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With the Wind,
Lawrence of Arabia}
B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz, Citizen Kane,
To Kill A Mockingbird}

{Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With the Wind,

Lawrence of Arabia, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz, To Kill
A Mockingbird}

This set is called the union of A with B, denoted A  B.