Venn Diagrams

A Venn diagram is a drawing in which

sets are represented by geometric
figures such as circles and rectangles.

Venn diagrams can be used to illustrate

the relationships between sets, and
the effects of set operations.

Venn diagrams are also used in other

areas of mathematics, such as
counting, probability and logic.
Set operations

We will look at three basic set operations

Intersection
S  T = only the member of sets S and T in common

Union
S  T = all the members of both sets S and T

Complement
S = everything that is not in set S
Venn Diagrams - Intersection

Let S, T represent any

sets in a universe U.
The Venn diagram
below illustrates the
effect of
intersection. The
shaded region
corresponds to S  T.
Venn Diagrams - Union

Let S, T represent any

sets in a universe U.
The Venn diagram
below illustrates the
effect of union. The
shaded region
corresponds to:

S  T.
Venn diagrams - Complement

Let S, T represent any

sets in a universe U.
The Venn diagram
below illustrates the
effect of
complement. The
shaded region
corresponds to S.
Set Information

A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather,

Gone With the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia}

B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard

of Oz, Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}

C = {Gone With the Wind, Casablanca, West Side

Story, An Affair To Remember, Roman Holiday}.
Set operations

Form a new set whose elements are those that sets A and B
have in common
A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With
the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia}
B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz,
Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}

{Citizen Kane, Casablanca}

This set is called the INTERSECTION of A and B, denoted
A  B.
A  B = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca}
Set operations

Find B  C

B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard

of Oz, Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}
C = {Gone With the Wind, Casablanca, West Side
Story, An Affair To Remember, Roman Holiday}

B  C = {Casablanca}
Set operations

A different operation: form a new set that contains all the

elements of A along with all the elements of B.
A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With
the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia}
B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz,
Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}

{Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With the

Wind, Lawrence of Arabia, The Godfather Part 2, The
Wizard of Oz, To Kill A Mockingbird}

This set is called the union of A with B, denoted A  B.

Activity
The Venn diagram
below shows the
number of Grade 8
students who
joined Math, Arts,
and Music Club.
How many students joined
only the Math club?

How many students joined the

Arts club?

How many students joined a

club but did not join the Math
or Arts club

How many students joined the

Arts and Music club?

How many students did not

join any club?

How many students joined all

the three clubs?