VENN DIAGRAM

• Venn diagrams are the diagrams that are used to represent the sets, relation between the sets and
operation performed on them, in a pictorial way. Venn diagram, uses circles (overlapping, intersecting
and non-intersecting), to denote the relationship between sets. A Venn diagram is also called a set
diagram or a logic diagram showing different set operations such as the intersection of sets, union of
sets and difference of sets.
VENN DIAGRAM OF THREE SETS
HOW TO DRAW A VENN DIAGRAM?

To draw a Venn diagram, first, the universal set should be known. Now, every set is the subset of the
universal set (U). This means that every other set will be inside the rectangle which represents the
universal set.
So, any set A (shaded region) will be represented as follows:
VENN DIAGRAM OF SET OPERATION

In set theory, there are many operations performed on sets, such as:
• Union of Set
• Intersection of set
• Complement of set
• Difference of set
etc. The representations of different operations on a set are as follows:
UNION OF A SET IN VENN DIAGRAM

A union B is given by: A ∪ B = {x | x ∈A or x ∈B}.

This represents the combined elements of set A and B (represented by shaded region).
INTERSECTION OF A SET IN VENN
DIAGRAM

A intersection B is given by: A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}.

This represents the common elements between set A and B (represented by shaded region).
COMPLEMENT OF A SET IN VENN DIAGRAM

A’ is the complement of set A (represented by the shaded region). This set contains all the elements which
are not there in set A.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO SET IN VENN
DIAGRAM

A – B: This is read as A difference B. This represents elements of set A which are not there in set B
(represented by the shaded region).
CARTESIAN PRODUCT

If A & B any two sets, then the set of all ordered pairs whose first member belongs to set A and the second
member belongs to set B is called the Cartesian product of A & B in that order and is denoted by AXB.
Symbolically, AXB={(x, y) : x ∈ A and y ∈ B}.
• E.g.: A={1,2,3,4,5} ; B={a,b,c,d}
• AXB={(1,a),(1,b),(1,c),(1,d),(2,a),(2,b),(2,c),(2,d),(3,a),(3,b),(3,c),(3,d),(4,a),(4,b),(4,c),(4,d),(5,a),(5,b),(5,c),(5,d)}