MATTER AND ITS

STRUCTURE
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
What is an atom?

 An atom is the basic building

block of chemistry. It is the
smallest unit into which matter
can be divided.
Parts of an atom
Properties of parts of atom
Rutherford Model
 Electrostatic attraction
 Electrostatic attraction is a force of attraction which is exerted by
two unlike or dissimilar (opposite) charges on each other when they
are kept at a distance.
 The attraction between protons and electrons is known as electrostatic attraction.
This force of attraction holds the atom together.
What is an Element?

 An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom

which all have the same numbers of protons in their nuclei.
 A substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number, or
number of protons is a pure element.
How to calculate purity of an element?

 Purity of Gold
 To convert karats into the per centage, you need to divide the karat number by 24 and
multiply the result by 100. So, for example, to find out the gold per centage in your 22
karat ring, divide 22 by 24, the result is 0.9166, multiply it with 100, so it equals to 91.66
per cent - that's the purity of your gold.15-Apr-2020
A chemical element

 The chemical elements are organized on the

periodic table of the elements.
 Each element has an atomic number and a symbol.
 The symbol may be based on the Latin name of the
element and not be related to the English name.
What is an atomic number and mass number?
Groups and Periods in Periodic Table

 Groups:
The columns of the periodic table are called groups. Members of the
same group in the table have the same number of electrons in the
outermost shells of their atoms

 Periods:
The horizontal rows in the periodic table that signify the number of
electron shells in an element. elements are arranged in increasing order
of the mass of their atoms across a period.
Drawing Atomic Structure

1. Draw a circle on the page.

2. Write the symbol of element in the center of circle.
3. The circle represents the nucleus of atom.
4. Determine the atomic number of atom. (protons and electrons number is same)
5. Draw orbits around the nucleus and arrange electrons in the rings. (a=2,b=6,c=18)
6. Draw your protons and neutrons. (Neutrons are simply equal to the atomic mass minus the
number of protons).