FOUNDATION

ENGINEERING LAB
SOIL PROFILE AND PROPERTIES
SATVIK
19001009049
B. TECH CIVIL ENGG. 3RD YEAR
Soil profile of Haryana
•Alluvial Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Alluvial soils in Haryana generally have good to excellent engineering properties. They have
moderate compressibility, low to medium shear strength, and high permeability. 
•Locations: Alluvial soils are extensively found in the Yamuna floodplain and the Ghaggar river basin. They are present in
districts like Ambala, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat, and parts of Faridabad. 

•Sandy Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Sandy soils in Haryana have poor fertility and low water-holding capacity. They are characterized by
low cohesion, low shear strength, high permeability, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Sandy soils are predominantly found in the southern and southwestern parts of Haryana, including districts like
Bhiwani, Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad, and parts of Mahendragarh. 

•Loam Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Loam soils exhibit moderate engineering properties. They have good water retention capacity,
moderate permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Loam soils are widespread across Haryana. They can be found in districts like Kurukshetra, Karnal, Rohtak, Jind,
Kaithal, Panipat, and parts of Faridabad.
•Saline and Alkaline Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Saline and alkaline soils have poor engineering properties due to their high salt content. They
exhibit low permeability, low shear strength, and high compressibility. 
•Locations: Saline and alkaline soils are primarily found in the western parts of Haryana, particularly in districts like Sirsa
and Fatehabad. 

•Black Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Black soils have good engineering properties. They have high water-holding capacity, moderate
permeability, good shear strength, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Black soils, also known as regur or black cotton soils, are found in pockets of Haryana, primarily in the
Mahendragarh and Bhiwani districts. 

•Sandy Loam Soil: 

•Engineering Properties: Sandy loam soils have moderate engineering properties. They exhibit good drainage, moderate
permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Sandy loam soils are found in various parts of Haryana, particularly in regions with semi-arid climatic conditions.
They can be found in districts like Rohtak, Jhajjar, and parts of Sonipat. 
•Red and Yellow Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Red and yellow soils have moderate engineering properties. They have moderate water retention
capacity, moderate permeability, moderate shear strength, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Red and yellow soils are found in hilly regions of Haryana, such as the Morni Hills and the Shivalik range. They
Soil profile of Punjab 
•Alluvial Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Alluvial soils in Punjab exhibit good to excellent engineering properties. They have moderate
compressibility, low to medium shear strength, and high permeability. 
•Locations: Alluvial soils are widely distributed throughout Punjab, especially in the floodplains of the rivers Beas, Sutlej, and
Ravi. They can be found in districts like Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Firozpur, and Gurdaspur. 

•Sandy Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Sandy soils in Punjab have poor fertility and low water-holding capacity. They exhibit low cohesion,
low shear strength, high permeability, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Sandy soils are mainly found in the southwestern parts of Punjab, including districts like Fazilka, Firozpur, and
Muktsar. 

•Loam Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Loam soils in Punjab possess moderate engineering properties. They have good water retention
capacity, moderate permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Loam soils are widespread across Punjab. They can be found in districts like Ludhiana, Patiala, Rupnagar, Sangrur,
Hoshiarpur, and parts of Amritsar. 
•Saline and Alkaline Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Saline and alkaline soils in Punjab have poor engineering properties due to their high salt content.
They exhibit low permeability, low shear strength, and high compressibility. 
•Locations: Saline and alkaline soils are primarily found in certain parts of Punjab, particularly in the southwest and northwest
regions, including districts like Fazilka, Firozpur, Muktsar, Moga, and parts of Bathinda. 
•Black Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Black soils in Punjab possess good engineering properties. They have high water-holding capacity,
moderate permeability, good shear strength, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Black soils, also known as regur or black cotton soils, are found in some areas of Punjab, particularly in the
southeast region. They can be found in districts like Mansa, Barnala, and parts of Sangrur. 

•Sandy Loam Soil: 

•Engineering Properties: Sandy loam soils in Punjab have moderate engineering properties. They exhibit good drainage,
moderate permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Sandy loam soils can be found in various parts of Punjab, including districts like Ludhiana, Patiala, Jalandhar,
Amritsar, and parts of Firozpur. 
•Red and Yellow Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Red and yellow soils in Punjab possess moderate engineering properties. They have moderate water
retention capacity, moderate permeability, moderate shear strength, and low compressibility. 

•Locations: Red and yellow soils are found in some hilly regions of Punjab, such as the Shivalik range and parts of the lower
Soil profile of
Rajasthan 
•Alluvial Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Alluvial soils in Rajasthan exhibit varying engineering properties depending on their composition.
They generally have moderate compressibility, low to medium shear strength, and high permeability. 
•Locations: Alluvial soils can be found in the eastern and southeastern parts of Rajasthan, primarily in the Chambal and Mahi
river basins. They are present in districts like Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, and parts of Jaipur. 

•Sandy Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Sandy soils in Rajasthan have low fertility and low water-holding capacity. They exhibit low cohesion,
low shear strength, high permeability, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Sandy soils are widespread across Rajasthan, especially in the western and northwestern parts of the state. They
can be found in districts like Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur, and parts of Nagaur. 

•Loam Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Loam soils in Rajasthan possess moderate engineering properties. They have good water retention
capacity, moderate permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Loam soils are found in various parts of Rajasthan, including the northeastern and central regions. They can be
found in districts like Alwar, Bharatpur, Sikar, Tonk, Ajmer, and parts of Jaipur. 
•Saline and Alkaline Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Saline and alkaline soils in Rajasthan have poor engineering properties due to their high salt content.
They exhibit low permeability, low shear strength, and high compressibility. 
•Locations: Saline and alkaline soils are prevalent in the northwestern and western parts of Rajasthan, particularly in the arid
and semi-arid regions. They can be found in districts like Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, and parts of Jodhpur. 

•Red and Yellow Soil: 

•Engineering Properties: Red and yellow soils in Rajasthan possess moderate engineering properties. They have moderate
water retention capacity, moderate permeability, moderate shear strength, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Red and yellow soils are found in various parts of Rajasthan, particularly in the hilly regions of the Aravalli Range.
They can be found in districts like Udaipur, Dungarpur, Rajsamand, Sirohi, and parts of Jaipur and Jodhpur. 

•Clayey Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Clayey soils in Rajasthan have unique engineering properties. They have high plasticity, high water
retention capacity, low permeability, and moderate to high shear strength. 
•Locations: Clayey soils are found in pockets across Rajasthan, particularly in areas with significant clay deposits. They can be
found in districts like Sikar, Chittorgarh, Pali, and parts of Jodhpur. 
Soil profile of Uttar
Pradesh 
•Alluvial Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Alluvial soils in Uttar Pradesh exhibit varying engineering properties depending on their
composition. They generally have moderate compressibility, low to medium shear strength, and high permeability. 
•Locations: Alluvial soils are widespread across Uttar Pradesh, particularly in the Gangetic plains. They can be found in
districts like Meerut, Ghaziabad, Agra, Allahabad, Varanasi, Lucknow, Kanpur, and many other parts of the state. 

•Sandy Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Sandy soils in Uttar Pradesh have low fertility and low water-holding capacity. They exhibit low
cohesion, low shear strength, high permeability, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Sandy soils are found in various parts of Uttar Pradesh, especially in the western and southwestern regions.
They can be found in districts like Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bulandshahr, Bijnor, Moradabad, and parts of Agra. 

•Loam Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Loam soils in Uttar Pradesh possess moderate engineering properties. They have good water
retention capacity, moderate permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Loam soils are widespread across Uttar Pradesh, particularly in the central and eastern regions. They can be
found in districts like Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Lucknow, Faizabad, Gorakhpur, and many other parts of the state. 
•Saline and Alkaline Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Saline and alkaline soils in Uttar Pradesh have poor engineering properties due to their high salt
content. They exhibit low permeability, low shear strength, and high compressibility. 
•Locations: Saline and alkaline soils are found in certain pockets of Uttar Pradesh, particularly in the arid and semi-arid
regions. They can be found in districts like Etawah, Mainpuri, Jalaun, Jhansi, and parts of Prayagraj. 

•Black Soil: 
•Engineering Properties: Black soils in Uttar Pradesh possess good engineering properties. They have high water-holding
capacity, moderate permeability, good shear strength, and low compressibility. 
•Locations: Black soils, also known as regur or black cotton soils, are found in some areas of Uttar Pradesh, primarily in the
southwestern parts. They can be found in districts like Mahoba, Hamirpur, Jhansi, and parts of Banda. 

•Sandy Loam Soil: 

•Engineering Properties: Sandy loam soils in Uttar Pradesh have moderate engineering properties. They exhibit good
drainage, moderate permeability, and suitable shear strength. 
•Locations: Sandy loam soils can be found in various parts of Uttar Pradesh, particularly in regions with mixed soil
composition. They can be found in districts like Mathura, Etah, Farrukhabad, and parts of Lucknow. 
•REFRENCES
•https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Physico-chemical-properties-o
f-soils-series-in-Haryana_tbl1_319208048

•https://www.shriraminstitute.org/geotechnical-engineering-soil-me
chanics/

•https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Physico-chemical-properties-o
f-soils-series-in-Haryana_tbl1_319208048