MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

(DJF 41052)

RICHARD TIAM @ Aloysius

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical), UPM
Master of Engineering (Manufacturing), UTeM
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING
SYSTEM
 Learning objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to:-
1. Define the concept of the manufacturing system.
2. Discuss the importance of manufacturing.
3. Explain the types of the manufacturing system.
4. Explain the position of the manufacturing system in the larger
production system.
 What is “manufacturing”?
• Manufacturing stems from the Latin words manus (hand) and factus (make).

• Manufacturing
• i. the process of converting raw material into a physical product.
• ii. the application & chemical processes to alter the geometry, properties and/or
appearance of a given material to make parts of products.

• It is a set of related operations and activities, including product design, material

selection, production planning, quality control, management and marketing of
products.
 What is a system?
• Greek word Systema, meaning to combine.

• Example: Transport, education system (schools, polytechnics, universities), clinics and

hospitals, vehicle manufacturing factories , and so on.

• System is a collection of parts that operate interdependently to achieve a

common purpose.

• Manufacturing System?
• refers to any collection of elements that converts raw material into a product.
 MS Environment
• Inputs to manufacturing processes are the materials, components, energy, information, and other
resources that are transformed and manipulated to produce finished goods.

• The outputs of manufacturing processes are the final products, components, or goods that result
from the transformation of raw materials and inputs through various production stages.

• Unwanted outputs such as defective products and scrap need to be eliminated or minimized.

• Subsystems play very important roles to support the manufacturing process of producing the desired
products such as the department of production planning, production control, quality control, financial
control, sales, maintenance, industrial relation, research, and development.

• Machines, tools, material handling, and computers are equipment used to process the inputs into
products. These machines and tools require operation and supervision by humans.
 IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR
1. Economic growth
Manufacturing drives economic growth by generating income, creating jobs, and providing
goods and services to consumers.

2. Innovation and technology transfer

Manufacturing often drives technological innovation and transfer, as new technologies and
processes developed in this sector can be applied to other industries and sectors.
 IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR

3. Increased competitiveness:
A strong manufacturing sector can enhance a nation's competitiveness in the global
marketplace by producing high-quality goods and services that can be sold both domestically
and internationally.

4. Balance of trade:
The manufacturing sector plays a crucial role in a nation's balance of trade by exporting goods
and services, generating foreign currency, and reducing the trade deficit.
 IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR

5. Employment opportunities:
The manufacturing sector provides employment opportunities for a significant portion of the
population, including both skilled and unskilled workers.

6. Improved standard of living:

A strong manufacturing sector can raise the standard of living for a nation's citizens by
providing good-paying jobs, increasing tax revenues, and improving access to goods and
services.
 IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR
5. Infrastructure development:
The manufacturing sector can also drive infrastructure development, as new transportation
systems and energy supplies are needed to support production and distribution.

6. Environmental sustainability:
Modern manufacturing practices are increasingly focused on reducing waste and minimizing the
environmental impact of production.

Overall, the manufacturing sector plays a critical role in the development and growth of a
nation's economy and the well-being of its citizens.
 TYPES OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
1. ASSEMBLY LINE
Made popular by Henry Ford in his manufacturing of automobiles in 1908.

The principle of an assembly line is that each worker is assigned one very specific task, which he
or she simply repeats, and then the process moves to the next worker who does his or her task,
until the task is completed and the product is made.

Puts fabricated parts together at a series of workstations. Also called Line or Flow
Production.

It is a way to mass production of goods quickly and efficiently. All workers do not have to
be human; robotic workers can make up an assembly line as well.
Automotive Production
2. BATCH PRODUCTION
A manufacturing process in which components or goods are produced in groups
(BATHES) and not in a continuous stream.

Batch production is most common in bakeries and in the manufacture of sports shoes,
pharmaceutical ingredients, purifying water, inks, paints, and adhesives.
Product produced in bathes
3. COMPUTERIZED – INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM (CIM)

Use of computers in control and management of manufacturing processes,

such as automatically coordinated operations of conveyor systems, cutting and
forming machines, and riveting and welding machines.
 COMPUTER-AIDED TECHNIQUES:

• CAD (computer-aided design)

• CAE (computer-aided engineering)
• CAM (computer-aided manufacturing)
• CAPP (computer-aided process planning)
• CAQ (computer-aided quality assurance)
• PPC (production planning and control)
• ERP (enterprise resource planning)
 DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
• CNC, Computer numerical controlled machine tools
• DNC, Direct numerical control machine tools
• PLCs, Programmable logic controllers
• Robotics
• Computers
• Software
• Controllers
• Networks
• Interfacing
• Monitoring equipment
 TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM)

• FMS, (flexible manufacturing system)

• ASRS, automated storage and retrieval system
• AGV, automated guided vehicle
• Robotics
• Automated conveyance systems
The position of the manufacturing system in the larger
production system

The manufacturing system is a key component of

the larger production system, which encompasses
all activities involved in the creation and
delivery of products and services to customers.

The manufacturing system is responsible for

transforming raw materials and components into
finished goods through a series of production
processes.
The position of the manufacturing system in the larger
production system
In the larger production system, the
manufacturing system is positioned between the
upstream activities of sourcing and procurement,
and the downstream activities of distribution and
customer service.

The inputs to the manufacturing system include

raw materials, components, and information
about customer requirements and production
schedules.

The outputs of the manufacturing system are

finished goods, which are then distributed to
customers and end-users.
The position of the manufacturing system in the larger
production system
The manufacturing system interacts with other
components of the production system through
feedback loops, with information and materials
flowing back and forth between different stages
of the production process.

The goal of the manufacturing system is to

produce goods that meet customer requirements
in an efficient and cost-effective manner, while
maintaining quality standards and ensuring the
sustainability of the production process.
The position of the manufacturing system in the larger
production system

In summary, the manufacturing system is a

critical part of the larger production system, and
its performance and efficiency have a significant
impact on the overall success of the production
process and the satisfaction of customers and
end-users.
.
END OF CHAPTER 1