Physics

MAS

By : Mohammad Amara
Mechanics :
• Mechanics is generally taken to mean the study of the motion of objects (or their lack of motion)
under the action of given forces.
• Classical mechanics is sometimes considered a branch of applied mathematics. It consists
of kinematics ( the description of motion and dynamics) , the study of the action of forces in
producing either motion or static equilibrium .
Heat and thermodynamics :
• Heat is a form of Internal Energy associated with the random motion of the
molecules of matter or with radiation. 
• Temperature is an average of a part of the internal energy present in a body
• The lowest possible Energy state of a substance is defined as the absolute zero of
temperature.
• An isolated body eventually reaches uniform temperature, a state known as
thermal equilibrium, as do two or more bodies placed in contact.
• The formal study of states of matter at (or near) thermal equilibrium is
called Thermodynamics.
Electromagnetism
• Electromagnetism deals with the study of electromagnetic force like electric
fields, light, magnetic fields, etc.
• There are two aspects of Electromagnetism which are “electricity” and
“magnetism”.
Optics:
• Because light consists of electromagnetic waves, the propagation of light can be
regarded as merely a branch of electromagnetism. However, it is usually dealt
with as a separate subject called optics : the part that deals with the tracing of light
rays is known as geometrical optics, while the part that treats the
distinctive wave phenomena of light is called physical optics.
• More recently, there has developed a new and vital branch, quantum optics which
is concerned with the theory and application of the laser device that produces an
intense coherent beam of unidirectional radiation useful for many applications.
 Nuclear physics :
• Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and
interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
• Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom, including
its electrons.
• Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields. This includes nuclear
power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and
agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology.
Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.