ANDHRA PRADESH STATE

DISASTER RESPONSE
&
FIRE SERVICES DEPARTMENT

WEL COME
TO
BASIC FIRST AID FIRE
FIGHTING TRAINING COURSE
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FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

• Presented
• By

Sri I.AJAY KUMAR Station Fire Officer

Fire Station Tanuku.

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• What is Fire
Fire is a chemical reaction of fuel with required amount of
Heat, oxygen and during this reaction heat and light produces

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 ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Fire=Fuel + Oxygen + Heat + Chain Reaction

If Remove any Component, no Fire will occurred

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5
• CLASSES OF FIRE

As per Indian Standard there are Five classes of Fire

as per IS Code:15683:2018
Class A: Combustible materials(flammable solids)
Ex: Wood, Rubber, paper, etc…
Class B: Flammable Liquids, Ex: Petrol, Diesel,
Paints, etc…
Class C: Flammable Gases, Ex: Hydrogen, Butane,
Methane, etc…
Class D: Combustible Metals, Ex: Magnesium,
Aluminum, Potassium, etc…
Class F: Cooking Oils, Ex: Kitchen Oils and Fats

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 INTRODUCTION

• Fire extinguisher are very valuable if use

promptly and effectively in the early
stage of fire. Due to portability ,mobility,
ease of operation and immediate
availability, any extinguisher can be
used by one/two person having
knowledge to operate them.

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WHAT IS FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Fire extinguisher is the first aid fire fighting appliance used

to extinguish fire at its initial stage.
To use the fire extinguisher, knowledge of fire extinction
media and operational training required.

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• Fire Extinguishers should be
a) Portable/wheeled
b) Operate instantly
c) Have adequate throw
d) Have adequate quantity of extinguishing as per fire rating
e) Specified shelf-life from the date of manufacture.

All these characteristics are incorporated in portable extinguishers and are

manufactured to deal with different
types of fires. In order that these could be effective, these should conform to
relevant Indian Standards. Number
and size for purpose of installations shall be determined by type, fire rating and
fire hazard classification of
protected risk

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 SELECTION AS PER I.S. CODE 2190:2010 &
15683:2018

 Various types of fire extinguishers specified in this standard

are of value but all are not equally effective on all types of
fire.
 For this reason, the nature of contents of a building, the
processes carried out therein and the types of fire which may
occur shall be taken into consideration while selecting fire
extinguishers.
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 WATER TYPE EXTINGUISHER

1. Soda Acid Extinguisher

2. Water Gas Cartridge type Extinguisher
3. Stored Pressured type Extinguisher

Soda Acid Extinguisher:-

2NAHCO3+H2SO4 2NA2SO4+2H2O+CO2

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 Water Gas Cartridge type Extinguisher:-

1) Low Pressure CO2 Cartridge

57 Grams CO2 compressed with 35
bars

2) High Pressure CO2 Cartridge

57 Grams CO2 compressed with 51 bars

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Stored Pressure Type Extinguisher

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Overview:- Water Extinguishers are the most common fire
Extinguisher type for class A fire risk
Label color:- Bright Red
Use for:- Organic Materials.
Eg:- Wood, Paper, etc,.
Do not use for:-
 Fires involving Electrical Equipment
 Kitchen Fire.
 Flammable gas & Liquids.
Tests:-
 Check every Month and clean
 Once in every three years conduct hydraulic
pressure test with 300 PSI 15
 Mechanical Foam
Extinguisher
• Stored Pressure type
• Gas Cartridge type Extinguisher

Stored Pressure type

Foam solution compressed with Air/Nitrogen
gas up to 150 PSI

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• Gas Cartridge type Extinguisher
There are Two types
1. Gas Cartridge Sealed Foam Concentration type
2. Gas Cartridge type

Gas Cartridge Sealed Foam Concentration:-

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 Gas Cartridge type

Premix Foam Solution

Water + 550ml AFFF Foam Compound

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Overview:- Foam Extinguishers are the most common fire Extinguisher type for
class “B” fire risk but also work on class “A” Fires they are water based.
Label color:- Cream
Use for:- 1. Organic Materials
Eg:- Wood, Paper, etc,.
2.Flammable liquids
Eg:- Petrol, Diesel and Paint
Do not use for:-
 Fires involving Electrical Equipment
 Kitchen Fire.
 Flammable Metals.
Tests:-
 Check every Month and clean
 Once in every three years conduct hydraulic pressure test up to 300 PSI

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 DCP EXTINGUISHER

They are Two types

1. Dry Powder Stored pressure type
2. Dry Powder Gas Cartridge type

Dry Powder Stored pressure type:-

Powder Compressed with Dry Air or Nitrogen
gas up top 150 PSI

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Dry Powder Gas Cartridge type:-

Sodium bicarbonate - 97%

Magnesium Striate - 1.5%
Magnesium Carbonate – 1%
Tri Calcium Phosphate – 0.5%

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 LIGHT METALS

• Aluminium, Magnesium, Titanium and beryllium alloys

We can use these powders on Light Metal Fires

 Bitumen- 45%
 Slate Powder-45%
 Aluminium Striate-10%

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TEC (Ternary eutectic chloride) Base – Powder for metal fires

1. Sodium Chloride-20%
2. Potassium Chloride-29%
3. Barium Chloride-51%

 TEC Powder fuses at temperature of 600-650 °c and has high latent

heat of fusion

 The powder absorbs heat form burning metal and forms a hard
crust on surface which provides blanketing effect there by cutting
off oxygen and heat radiation form burning metal surface
Eg: Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, powders & Paste

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 A B C - FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• ABC Fire Extinguishers use mono-ammonium phosphate, a dry
chemical with the ability to quickly put out many different types of
fires by smothering the flames. 
• This pale, yellow powder can put out all three classes of fire: 
• Class “A” is for Trash, Wood, and Paper
• Class ” B ” is for Liquids and Gases
• Class ” C ” is for Gas fires
• H.P.T- 30-35 kg/cm²
• Working pressure 15 Kg/cm²
• Time Duration : 30-40 Sec.
 

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Overview:- Standard Dry Powder Extinguishers are the most common fire
Extinguisher type for class “D” fire risk but also work on class “A, B, C” Fires.
Label color:- Blue
Use for:-
1. Organic Materials Eg:- Wood, Paper, etc,.
2.Flammable liquids & Gases
Eg:- Petrol, Diesel and Paint
3. Flammable Metals
Do not use for:-
 Fires involving Electrical Equipment over 1000 Voltas
 Kitchen Fire.
Tests:-
 Check every Month and clean
 Once in every three years conduct hydraulic pressure test up to 350 PSI

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CO2 Extinguisher

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CO2 Extinguisher

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Overview:- CO2 Extinguishers are predominantly used for electrical fire
risks and are usually the main fire extinguishers type provided in
computer server rooms
Label color:- Black
Use for:-
1.Flammable liquids Fires
2. Electrical Fires
Do not use for:-
 Flammable metals
 Kitchen Fire.
Tests:-
 Check every Month and clean
 Once in every Five years conduct hydraulic pressure test up to 3360 PSI

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 WET CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER

 Wet Chemical Extinguishers are suitable for

use on Class A & F Fires. These ranges of
extinguishers are specialists in regards to
cooking fires caused by fat and oils.

 Extinguishers such as Water, Foam, Powder &

CO2 will not always put out big cooking fires
and are also extremely dangerous because the
pressure of these extinguishers can cause the
oil to jet out and cause serious harm.

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 How do Wet Chemical Extinguishers work?
 Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers contains a solution of potassium which
effectively attacks the flame in two methods

 Firstly the mist cools the fire and lowers the temperature to stop the fire
spreading, also prevents splashing of the hot oils/fat.
 Secondly the potassium salts react with the hot oil and causes the process
of saponification, coating the surface of the cooking oil or fat in soapy
foam that is non combustible and acts as a barrier between the fat and oil.
 Label Colour: Yellow

 Use for: Cooling Oil & Fat

 Do not use for: Electrical Fires & Flammable metals

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