1.

3 Formula and equations

Resources needed:
Magnesium ribbon, sodium carbonate, 0.5 mol copper sulphate solution, calcium.
0.5 mol hydrochloric acid, 0.5 mol sodium hydroxide.
Lesson plan
Starter: Students turn to page 72 of the workbook and assign state symbols
Main:
Students use the periodic tables to assign names to different ions. They need to
learn these.
Students use the list of ions to construct the formula for different compounds.
The students then do a series of practical experiments and construct the word and
symbol equations for each
Review these
Plenary
5 questions based on the lesson and review learning objectives.

Dr Alex Johnston, Southampton, Richard Taunton 6 th Form College

Starter: Turn to pages 72 of your new workbook
Chemical equations use symbols to describe the physical state of the reactants and products.
(s) = solid, (l) = liquid), (g) = gas & (aq) = aqueous (This means a solution in water)
Add these symbols to these chemicals
 OCR-A Chemistry Autumn term

Introduction to chemistry Introduction to organic

Enthalpy changes
chemistry

OCR-A Chemistry Spring-Summer term

Acids & bases The halogens and Rates of reaction and Organic synthesis
halogenoalkanes equilibrium
 Atomic Formulae and The periodic
structure equations table

Mass Amount of Electronic structure

1. Introduction to spectroscopy substance and ions
chemistry

Redox reactions Molecular Types of

& group 2 shape structures
 29/08/23

Formulae and equations

Today you will be reviewing some knowledge from GCSE on

Formulae and equations. But also extending it into A-level
 29/08/23

Formulae and equations

The learning objectives for this lesson are:

• FC3i-Predict ionic charge from the position of an element in the periodic table

• FC3ii-Recall the names and formulae for the following ions: NO3–, CO32–, SO42–, OH–,NH4+, Zn2+ and Ag+

• FC3iii-Construct balanced chemical equations (including ionic equations), including state symbols, for
reactions studied and for unfamiliar reactions given & compound

The learning objectives for each lesson are taken from the specification for the
exam.
To really succeed at A-Level you need to keep track of what you know and what
you don’t know.
Your workbooks contain a checklist of all of the learning objectives for each topic
At the end of each lesson you should rate how well you can do each objective
To help you each objective is linked to a page in the revision guide.

All exam questions and mini-test questions are also linked to the learning objectives
Fill out the front of your workbook

This workbook covers this first half term

They are expensive to printout, if you lose it is on Moodle

and I will expect you to printout another copy.
Your workbook also contains a glossary at the back

As we go through we will highlight the keywords for

you to complete this
Your workbook also contains space for you to take notes

This means you don’t have to ask for paper

Before we start, some definitions for your glossary:

Compound

Water
Sodium chloride Carbon dioxide
(H2O) (NaCl) (CO2)

A substance that is composed of two or more separate elements

Before we start, some definitions:

Molecule

Water Chlorine
Ethanol
(H2O) (Cl2)
(C2H6O)
Compound Element Compound

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the

smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that

can take part in a chemical reaction

Before we start, some definitions:

Ion

Chloride Carbonate Sodium

(Cl-) (CO32-) (Na+)

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the

loss or gain of one or more electrons

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Formulae and equations

Turn to page 73 of the workbook.

You need to know all of these different ions and their charges
Match the name of the ion to the formula
Use the periodic table to help you
 Ion Name
I-  
NH4+  
-
OH  
F-  
CO32-  
NO3-  
SO42-  
Li+  
Al3+  
Cl-  
HCO3-  
Ca2+  
Cu2+  
H+  
Mg2+  
Ag+  
PO43-  
Before we start, some definitions:

Monoatomic ion

Ca2+

Chloride Sodium
Calcium
(Cl )
-
(Na+)
(Ca2+)

Formed by the gain or loss of electrons to the valence shell (the outer-

most electron shell) in a single atom

The charge on a monoatomic ion is linked to its position in the periodic table

As we go through these, you could make some notes on the periodic

table on the back of the workbook

Hydrogen has 1 electron in its outer shell

It’s outer shell can hold 2 electrons

In compounds it is usually H+

But in some compounds (which you won’t see

until next year) it is H- (Hydride)
The charge on a monoatomic ion is linked to its position in the periodic table

Group 1 metals have 1 electron in their outer shell

Li+
In compounds they always have a charge of +1

Na+

K+

It is unlikely you will be asked

questions about compounds with
these 3 elements as they are not
commonly used.
But the same rule would apply
The charge on a monoatomic ion is linked to its position in the periodic table

Be2+
Group 2 metals have 2 electron in their outer shell

Mg2+ In compounds they always have a charge of +2

Ca2+

You could be asked about compounds

Sr2+
of any of the group 2 metals
Ba2+
We will be covering them in more
detail later this half term
 The charge on a monoatomic ion is linked to its position in the periodic table

These are the transition metals

Ions of these metals can have several different charges

For example, Iron can be Fe2+ or Fe3+

This is one of the reasons that they can be very useful and will be covered
in more detail later in the course
 An exception to this rule is zinc.
Zinc is not a transition metal (for reasons explored next year)

Zinc forms Zn2+

The charge on a monoatomic ion is linked to its position in the periodic table

Nitrogen has 5
electrons in it’s outer

Aluminium has 3 shell it gains electrons

to form N3-
electrons in its
outer shell and
Oxygen and sulphur
forms Al3+
have 6 electrons in
their outer shell they
can gain 2 electrons to
become O2- (Oxide)
and S2- (Sulphide)
The charge on a monoatomic ion is linked to its position in the periodic table

These all have 7 electrons in their outer shel

and gain 1 electron to form -1 ions

F- Fluoride

Cl- Chloride These monoatomic ions are

called halides
Br- Bromide

I- Iodide

You don’t need to know about these last

two elements
 Molecular ion

Formed by the gaining or losing of elemental ions such as a proton, H+

Carbonate Sulphate Ammonium

Nitrate
(CO32-) (SO42-) (NH4+)
(NO3-)

These are the 4 main ions you need to

remember (Just the formula, not the diagram)
Task: Turn to page 74 of the workbook.

Use the list of ions on the previous page to work out the molecular
formula for the list of compounds.
 Name Ions present Molecular formula

Calcium chloride Ca2+ and 2 x Cl- CaCl2

Potassium hydroxide    

Aluminium chloride    

Magnesium carbonate    

Ammonium fluoride    

Copper (II) chloride    

Potassium carbonate    

Magnesium fluoride    

Sodium hydrogen carbonate    

Silver nitrate    

Magnesium hydrogen carbonate    

Lithium iodide    

Calcium hydroxide    
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Formulae and equations

Turn to page 75-76 of the workbook.

There are 4 reactions for you to carry out. (The instructions are on page 76)

For each one:

i) Circle the observation you can make.

ii) Complete the word equation

iii) Complete the symbol equation

iv) Add state symbols to the symbol equation

v) Balance the symbol equation
 Reaction 1. Magnesium and hydrochloric acid

Circle the signs you observed that a chemical reaction had taken place. Colour change / heat produced / gas produced

Magnesium + +

+ HCl +

Reaction 2. Calcium and water

Circle the signs you observed that a chemical reaction had taken place. Colour change / heat produced / gas produced

Calcium + Water + Hydrogen

+ Ca(OH)2 +
 Reaction 3. Sodium carbonate and sulphuric acid

Circle the signs you observed that a chemical reaction had taken place. Colour change / heat produced / gas produced

Sodium + + sodium +
carbonate sulphate

+ H2SO4 H2O + + CO2

Reaction 4. Copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide

Circle the signs you observed that a chemical reaction had taken place. Colour change / heat produced / gas produced

Copper + +
Sulphate

+ NaOH +
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Formulae and equations

15 marks on each of your exam papers are for multiple choice questions. At the end
of each lesson we will practice these.

Turn to the back of your workbook. There is space for you to answer 5 questions.
Fill in the lesson title.
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Question 1

What is the ion HCO3- called?

A Hydrocarbonate

B Carbonate

C Hydrogencarbonate

D Hydrogenatedcarbonate
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Question 2

What is the ion SO42- called?

A Sulphate

B Sulphonate
C Sulphur oxide
D Sulphtetraoxide
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Question 3

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A HNO

B HNO2

C HNO3

D HNO4
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Question 4

What is the name of Li2CO3?

A Di-lithium carboxide

B Sodium carbonate
C Potassium carboxide
D Lithium carbonate
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Question 5

What is the name of Ca(OH)2

A Copper hydroxide

B Calcium hydroxide
C Calcium hydrogen oxide
D Calcium dihydroxide
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Formulae and equations

Get ready to mark your answers

 29/08/23

Question 1

What is the ion HCO3- called?

A Hydrocarbonate

B Carbonate

C Hydrogencarbonate

D Hydrogenatedcarbonate
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Question 2

What is the ion SO42- called?

A Sulphate

B Sulphonate
C Sulphur oxide
D Sulphtetraoxide
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Question 3

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A HNO

B HNO2

C HNO3

D HNO4
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Question 4

What is the name of Li2CO3?

A Di-lithium carboxide

B Sodium carbonate
C Potassium carboxide
D Lithium carbonate
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Question 5

What is the name of Ca(OH)2

A Copper hydroxide

B Calcium hydroxide
C Calcium hydrogen oxide
D Calcium dihydroxide
 Formulae and equations

How did you do?

5 out of 5 = A
4 out of 5 = B

3 out of 5 = C
2 out of 5 = D

1 out of 5 = E
0 out of 5 = U
 29/08/23

Formulae and equations

The learning objectives for this lesson are:

• FC3i-Predict ionic charge from the position of an element in the periodic table

• FC3ii-Recall the names and formulae for the following ions: NO3–, CO32–, SO42–, OH–,NH4+, Zn2+ and Ag+

• FC3iii-Construct balanced chemical equations (including ionic equations), including state symbols, for
reactions studied and for unfamiliar reactions given & compound

The learning objectives for each lesson are taken from the specification for the
exam.
To really succeed at A-Level you need to keep track of what you know and what
you don’t know.