Valence Electrons &

Bohr Diagrams
 Review: Atomic Structure
• Atoms have a nucleus that contains
Protons and Neutrons
• Electrons are contained in shells that
surround the nucleus
• An atom is made of mostly empty space
• Protons have a positive charge
• Electrons have a negative charge
• Neutrons are Neutral
 Review: Electrons & Shells
• Each electron shell can Electron Number of
hold a certain number of Shell Electrons
electrons
• Electron shells are filled
1 2
from the inside out 2 8
• Noble Gases have full
3 8
outer electron shells
• All other elements have 4 18
partially filled outer 5 18
electron shells
6 32
7 32
 Valence Electrons
• The electrons in the outer most electron
shell are called valence electrons
• The shell containing electrons that is
furthest from the nucleus is called the
valence shell
• The number of electron shells with
electrons is the same as the period (row)
number
 Noble Gas Stability
• Noble gases (column all the way to the
right) are usually unreactive
• This is because they have full valence
shells (a stable octet)
• An element with a full valence shell is a
happy element  All elements are trying to
get a stable octet!
 Noble Gas Stability
• Atoms want to gain stability
• Atoms will try to gain or lose
electrons to have a full valence
shell
 Bohr Models
• Niels Bohr created a visual model of the atom
to make them easy to understand
– A Bohr Model contains a central nucleus
surrounded by electron shells
– For each model you state the number of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus and draw a dot on the
electron shells for each electron
• To determine the number of valence electrons
an element has, you look at the number of
electrons in the outermost shell
Complete the Bohr Model of the Atom –
Arranging Electrons in Energy Levels in your
Notebook.
•For the second half when you are coloring the
electrons, remember, you won’t use every circle
on every shell – it depends on how many
electrons the element has. For example,
Sodium has 11 electrons, so you will only use
11 circles.