KINDS OF PROPOSITION

BY: SEM. Larry P. Zurbito Jr.

NECESSARY AND CONTINGENT PROPOSITIONS

A. Necessary Proposition
a necessary proposition expresses a
necessary truth. It does not state a mere fact
but expresses a truth that cannot be other than
it is.
B. Contingent Proposition
expresses a contingent truth. It states a
mere fact – that is, it states something that is
but could be, or could have been, other than it
is.
ABSOLUTE AND MODAL PROPOSITION

A. Absolute Proposition
- merely makes an assertion without stating
whether what is asserted is necessary,
contingent, possible, or impossible.
B. Modal Proposition
- not only makes an assertion but also states
whether what is asserted is necessary,
contingent, possible, or impossible.
A. OPENLY COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS

COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS
- is openly, formally, compound if the
plurality of clauses is stated explicitly.

There are several kinds:

1. COPULATIVE PROPOSITIONS
- are compound propositions that have two
or more subjects, or predicates, or both, which
are joined together by “and,” “both…and,”
“neither…nor,” and so on.
2. ADVERSATIVE PROPOSITION
- is similar to a copulative proposition in
that it has two or more subjects, or predicates,
or both, which are joined together into a
compound proposition.
3. CAUSAL PROPOSITION
- is a compound proposition whose clauses
are joined together by the causal conjunctions
“because,” “since,” “for,” and so on.
4. INFERENTIAL PROPOSITION
- is a compound proposition whose clauses
are joined by the conjunctions “therefore,”
“for this reason,” “and so,” and so on.
B. OCCULTLY COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS

1. EXCLUSIVE PROPOSITION
- is an occultly compound proposition in
which a word like “only,” “alone,” and so on,
implies an entire clause.
2. EXCEPTIVE PROPOSITION
- is an occultly compound proposition in
which the subject term is restricted in tis
application by words such as “except,”
“save,” “but,” and so on.
3. INCEPTIVE AND DESITIVE
PROPOSITIONS
- inceptive proposition expresses the
beginning of a thing, action, or state. Desitive
propositions express the ending of a thing,
action, or state.
4. REDUPLICATIVE PROPOSITION
- is an occultly compound proposition that
expresses the special aspect of the subject by
reason of which the predicate belongs to it.
5. COMPARATIVE PROPOSITION
- is an occultly compound proposition in
which we compare the way an attribute is
present in one subject with the way it is
present in another.