PRE-WRITING

PROCESS
WEEK 8
ACTIVITY #
WRITE THE CORRECT SPELLING WORD.
1. necessary neccessary neccessary
2. ocasion occasion occassion
3. broccoli brocolli broccolli
4. embarass embaras embarrass
5. rhythm rythym ryhthm
OBJECTIVES
1. Recall the three steps in pre-writing.
2. Define brainstorming, freewriting and clustering.
3. Apply these three steps to improve writing.
1. BRAINSTORMING
A group problem-solving technique that
involves the spontaneous contribution
of ideas from all members of the group.
2. FREEWRITING
A technique in which the author writes
their thoughts quickly and continuously
without worrying about form, style or
grammar.
3. CLUSTERING
A type of pre-writing that allows a
writer to explore many ideas as soon as
they occur to them.
 AVOIDING
PLAGIARISM
WEEK 8
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
- The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas
and passing them off as one's own.
- According to the Merriam-Webster online
dictionary, to "plagiarize" means: to steal and pass
off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own. to
use (another's production) without crediting the
source
Direct Plagiarism 
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription
of a section of someone else’s work, without
attribution and without quotation marks. The
deliberate plagiarism of someone else's work is
unethical, academically dishonest, and grounds for
disciplinary actions, including expulsion.
Self Plagiarism
Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or
her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous
works, without permission from all professors
involved. For example, it would be unacceptable to
incorporate part of a term paper you wrote in high
school into a paper assigned in a college course. Self-
plagiarism also applies to submitting the same piece of
work for assignments in different classes without
previous permission from both professors.
Mosaic Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases
from a source without using quotation marks, or finds
synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same
general structure and meaning of the original. Sometimes
called “patch writing,” this kind of paraphrasing, whether
intentional or not, is academically dishonest and punishable –
even if you footnote your source!
Accidental Plagiarism
Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite
their sources, or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally
paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words,
and/or sentence structure without attribution. Students must
learn how to cite their sources and to take careful and accurate
notes when doing research. Lack of intent does not absolve the
student of responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of accidental
plagiarism are taken as seriously as any other plagiarism and
are subject to the same range of consequences as other types
of plagiarism.
Tips on Avoiding
Plagiarism
1.Learn the principles of good writing so you have the necessary
skills to express your ideas with your own words. Poor writing
skills often result in unintentional plagiarism.
2.Learn how to paraphrase a source with your own words. After
you have finished reading something, set it aside, write it in
your own words, compare it with what you read earlier in the
source document, and refine your writing. Make sure to cite the
source document.
1.Learn how to cite sources properly. Choose a citation style (such as
APA, MLA, or Chicago) that is suitable for your discipline and
familiarize yourself with it fully. You may also find examples of
citation styles in journals specific to your discipline.
2.Learn what plagiarism is and what it is not. Learn how to detect it.
After you have paraphrased a source, identify words or phrases in what
you have written that appear to be similar to those in the source. You
can highlight such words or phrases in your own writing and decide if
they should be within quotes or should be expressed differently with
your own words.
1.Don't assume what you know is "common knowledge" for
everyone—it may not be. You may need to cite some things
you think are "common knowledge."
2.Don't misinterpret or manipulate what was intended in a
source to suit your needs. This applies not only to text, but
also to charts, graphs, images, music, and video.
1.When using citations gleaned from secondary sources, make sure those citations
actually exist and find out what was really conveyed in those cited sources so
that you are not reproducing someone else's misinterpretation.
2.Obtain permission from authors when using large portions of their text and give
them due credit in your writing.
3.Make use of the help available from the Writing Center at the university, online
resources, and, of course, your course instructor.
4.When in doubt, put the text within quotes and include citations.