Assignment No.

1
‫ مؤمن البيومي البيومي عبيد‬/‫االسم‬
‫ الرابعة‬/‫الفرقة‬
‫ قاعة بحث‬/‫المادة‬
)‫ دراسات إسالمية قسم (اللغة اإلنجليزية‬/‫الشعبة‬
‫ محمد إسماعيل‬/‫تحت إشراف البروفيسور د‬
• What is Plagiarism? MLA Handbook Ninth Edition [4.1]
-Plagiarism is presenting another person’s ideas, words, or entire work as Your
own. Plagiarism may sometimes have legal repercussions (e.g., when it involves
copyright infringement) but is always unethical.
•Forms of plagiarism/ what does plagiarism look like?
Plagiarism can take a number of forms. Copying a published or unpublished text
of any length, whether deliberately or accidentally, is plagiarism if you do not give
credit to the source. Paraphrasing someone’s ideas or arguments or copying
someone’s unique wording without giving proper credit is plagiarism. Turning in a
paper or thesis written by someone else, even if you paid for it, is plagiarism.
It is even possible to plagiarize yourself. In published work, if you reuse ideas or
phrases that you used in prior work and do not cite your prior work, you have
plagiarized.
• What makes plagiarism a serious offense?
Many schools’ academic honesty policies prohibit the reuse of one’s prior work in
papers, theses, and dissertations, even with self-citation. (Sometimes, however,
revising and building on your earlier work is useful and productive for intellectual
growth; if you want to reuse portions of your previously written work in an
educational context, ask your Instructor.)
When writers and public speakers are exposed as plagiarists in professional
contexts, they may lose their jobs and are certain to suffer public embarrassment,
diminished prestige, and loss of credibility. One instance of plagiarism can cast a
shadow across an entire career because plagiarism reflects poorly on a person’s
judgment, integrity, and honesty and calls into question everything about that
person’s work. The consequences of plagiarism are not just personal, however.
The damage done is also social. Ultimately, plagiarism is serious because it erodes
public trust in information.
• How can you avoid plagiarism? MLA Handbook Ninth Edition [4.2]
•Careful Research:[4.3]
Many instances of unintentional plagiarism can be traced back to sloppily taken
notes during the research process. So be scrupulous in your research and note-
taking. When you write, your notes will help you identify all borrowed material.
Make sure that you clearly identify when you are copying words from a source
(and transcribe them exactly or retain digital images of the passages), when you
are summarizing or paraphrasing a source, and when you are jotting down an
original thought of your own. Remember to record page numbers for quotations
and paraphrased passages in your notes. Note-taking apps can help you collect
information about your sources and organize your own ideas. As you do research,
collect all the sources you use in one place, which will allow you to double-check
that your work acknowledges them. Care needs to be taken even when using a
digital reference manager for note-taking or creating documentation, since the
data used by the software can be incorrect and must be checked against your
source. Thus, manual input is often required. Citation tools are a good starting
point, but their output must be verified and edited.
• Giving Credit:[4.4]
Once you have carefully tracked your research, avoiding plagiarism is relatively
straightforward: when the work of others informs your ideas, give credit by
summarizing or paraphrasing that work or by accurately quoting it and always cite
your source.
•Paraphrasing:[4.5] Paraphrasing allows you to maintain your voice while
demonstrating that you understand the source because you can restate its points
in your own words and with your own sentence structure.
-when to paraphrase: Paraphrase from a source when you want to condense or
summarize long passages, arguments, or ideas; make your writing more concise;
stay in control of your ideas and argument and maintain your voice; or signal your
knowledge of key lines of conversation and concepts from your sources.
-How to paraphrase and give credit:[4.8]to properly give credit to your source in
MLA style, you also need to include an in-text citation directing your reader to a
works-cited-list entry and, if you are citing a paginated book, the location in the
work where the idea is set forth. In your prose as Walter A. McDougall argues, for the
founding fathers American exceptionalism was based on the country’s domestic identity, which foreign
policy did not shape but merely guarded (37). Work cited McDougall, Walter A. Promised Land,
Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World since 1776. Houghton Mifflin, 1997.

• Quoting: [4.9] Quoting can be effective when someone else’s words are the
focus of analysis or perfectly express an idea. Quotations are most effective in
research-based writing when used selectively. Quote only words, phrases, lines,
and passages that are particularly apt, and keep all quotations as brief as possible.
Always explain the relevance of the quotation to your point.
•When to quote:[4.10] Quote from a source when the exact wording is
important to your claim, the phrasing is particularly compelling, or you want to
focus on the language in the source. Quoting should not be used as a substitute
for paraphrasing ideas you do not fully understand.
•How to quote and give credit:[4.11] Quotations should be transcribed
accurately from the source and integrated into your prose grammatically and in a
way that distinguishes others’ ideas From your own. Imagine, for example, that
you read the following passage, which coins a term that you wish to discuss in
your paper (from Michael Agar’s book Language Shock: Understanding the
Culture of Conversation).
Passage in source: Everyone uses the word language and everybody these days talks about culture.
. . .“Languaculture” is a reminder, I hope, of the necessary connection between its two parts. . . .

If you want to quote from this source in your writing, you must use quotation
marks around the borrowed words and give credit to the source. You do this by
including an in-text citation that directs the reader to an entry for the work in the
list of works cited and to the page number where the quoted material appears in
the source.
In your prose (incorrect) At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that has been
called “languaculture.”
B) “One way to avoid plagiarism is to always put quotation marks around words
that you copy exactly. (You do not need to use quotation marks if you change the
words.)” Another way of avoiding plagiarism as mentioned by MLA Handbook is
“being scrupulous in your research and note-taking. Keep a complete and
thorough list of all the sources that you discover during your research and wish to
use, linking each source to the information you glean from it, so that you can
double-check that your work acknowledges it. Take care in your notes to
distinguish between what is not yours and what is yours, identifying ideas and
phrases copied from sources you consult, summaries of your sources, and your
own original ideas. As you write, carefully identify all borrowed material, including
quoted words and phrases, paraphrased ideas, summarized arguments, and facts
and other information.
In your prose (correct)
At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that Michael Agar calls “languaculture” (60).

Work cited
Agar, Michael. Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation. HarperCollins Publishers,
2016.