Welcome to

BUS3003:
Academic
Skills Practice
Session 2
Academic Integrity:
Citations, Paraphrasing
and Referencing
Weekly session topics covered so far…
Session Learning Topics and Activities
Session 1 Academic Skills Orientation
Session 2 Academic Integrity
Session 3 Citing and Referencing Academic Sources @ University 
Session 4 Time Management and Action Planning 
Session 5 Academic Writing
Session 6 Note Taking and Effective Listening 
Session 7 Reflection and Reflective Writing 
Session 8 Academic Reading 
Session 9 Academic Vocabulary 
Session 10 Assignment Submission Workshop & Final Portfolio
Submission
Final assignment submission In the 10th week of your module, Wednesday 2pm via
Assessment link on the relevant iLearn site
Review of Session 1 –
Academic Orientation
• Instructions: Work individually and
answer the following questions.
• What is the meaning of graduate
attribute?
• Can you name the 6 AU graduate
attributes?
• What is your understanding of soft skills
and why are they important?
Session Objectives

By the end of this session you will be able to:

1. Understand the meaning of Academic Integrity
2. Identify and explain examples of plagiarism
3. Understand why we use academic sources
4. Practice correct paraphrasing, using both semantic
and grammatical strategies
Starter Activity – What is Academic Integrity?

What does ‘academic

integrity’ mean to you?

What skills and qualities

are required?
Academic Integrity….What does it mean?

The International Centre for Academic Integrity (2017)

defines academic integrity as:
A commitment, even in the face of adversity, to six
fundamental values: 
• Honesty • Respect
• Trust • Responsibility
• Fairness • Courage

Task Discussion: How do these fundamental values apply to

University work and assessments? Do you think lack of honesty can
lead to consequential action at University? If so what kind of action?
Use Padlet to upload your answers
Link: https://padlet.com/aahmed225/ecrbmh8w4hutumh6
 Unfair Practice
What does the term Unfair Practice mean to you?

Any action that produces an improper advantage for the student

in relation to their assessment(s) or deliberately and
unnecessarily disadvantages other students. It can be
committed intentionally or accidentally.
Consequences of Unfair Practice:

• A warning, or

• Resubmission of the assessment with a grade capped at 40 (the lowest pass level) or

• Removal from the programme.

Think carefully about referencing and ensure that all work is your own. Do not risk your degree
award.
Activity 1: Match definitions to types of unfair
practiceTask Instructions: Try matching the different examples of unfair practice to correct
definitions
Types of Unfair Practice Definitions

1. Poor academic Practice a. A form of plagiarism involving the cooperation of two or

more students with the intent to deceive.

2. Plagiarism b. Passing another author’s thoughts, ideas, language or

expression as one’s own work.
3. Collusion c. When someone else produce any work (paid or unpaid)
that you submit for your assessment.

4. Contract Cheating d. Attempt made to cite/reference or paraphrase sources,

however, it is not correctly done due to lack of the
appropriate skills. Usually there is not a deliberate attempt
by the students to cheat.

5. Ghost Writing e. A form of academic dishonesty where study solicit essay

mills or others to complete their assignment (Paid Job).
Types of Unfair Practice (Answers)
• 1. Poor Academic Practice (d): Attempt made to cite/reference or paraphrase
sources, however, it is not correctly done due to lack of the appropriate skills.
Usually there is not a deliberate attempt by the students to cheat.
• 2. Plagiarism (b): Passing another author’s thoughts, ideas, language or
expression as one’s own work.
• 3. Collusion (a) : A form of plagiarism involving the cooperation of two or more
students with the intent to deceive.
• 4. Contract Cheating (e): A form of academic dishonesty where study solicit
essay mills or others to complete their assignment (Paid Job).
• 5. Ghost Writing (c): When someone else produce any work (paid or unpaid)
that you submit for your assessment.
 How to avoid Plagiarism?

Plagiarism
Definition: Passing another
author’s thoughts, ideas,
language or expression as one’s
own work

Group Task: In your

groups work together
to provide a list of the
reasons for how
plagiarism can occur.
Plagiarism occurs when you:

• Collude with others to produce a piece of work

• Use quotations without acknowledgement of the source
• Paraphrase without acknowledgement of the source
• Copy and paste from the Internet (a type of quotation) without
acknowledging the source
• Summarise another’s work without acknowledging the source
• Refer to the theories or ideas of another without acknowledging
the work
• Refer to your OWN ideas from a previous piece of work without
acknowledging the earlier work as a source. This is unusual in
undergraduate study.
Break
Avoiding Plagiarism
Let’s watch a 2 minute video of how avoid plagiarism:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQhVDH9p7aU
Referencing

• Referencing is a system that allows all sources used to be acknowledged.

• If referencing is used appropriately, plagiarism through unacknowledged

sources will be avoided.

• Correct referencing is an essential academic skill.

• Correct referencing also demonstrates your wider reading and can help your
tutor to see how you developed your own thought process.
• The topic of reference will be covered in depth in the next lesson
Providing Evidence
 Citations are required in all types of academic
texts (such as essays, research papers,
and dissertations)

When to cite To quote a source, copy a short piece of text

word for word and put it inside quotation
your research marks.

To paraphrase a source, put the text into your

own words. It’s important that the paraphrase
is not too close to the original wording.
 Scan QR code

Activity 2 –
On the next In groups , work together to read
the ‘plagiarism exercise’
slide
Decide if texts A – K are
acceptable examples of plagiarism
and give your reasons
Paraphrasing
What is paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing is NOT: PARAPHRASING is used to:

o Changing a couple of words.
o Deleting a couple of words or
phrases.
o Rearranging the order of the
words.
o Rewrite the text in your own words
o Clarify meaning
o Avoid PLAGIARISM.

Paraphrasing: To express the meaning of (something written or spoken)

using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity.
 Additional
How to Paraphrase using 4R’s Paraphrasing
Techniques
•Reword – Replace words and phrases with  Change to
synonyms
synonyms whenever you can.
•Rearrange – Rearrange words within sentences to  Change word forms
make new sentences. You can even rearrange the  Change nouns to
ideas presented within the paragraph. verbs
•Realize that some words and phrases cannot be  Change from a
changed – names, dates, titles, etc. cannot be clause to a phrase
replaced, but you can present them differently in your  Change from active
paraphrase. voice to passive
•Recheck – Make sure that your paraphrase conveys voice
the same meaning as the original text.  Change Transitions
 Change from quoted
speech to indirect
speech
Paraphrasing Practice 1- Business
Instructions: Choose one sentence from this paragraph below and put it in your own
words.

It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organisation than a

declining one. When organisations are expanding and adding personnel,
promotional opportunities, pay rises and the excitement of being associated
with a dynamic organisation create signs of optimism. Management is able to
use the growth to entice and encourage employees.
Paraphrasing Practice 1- Social Science
Instructions: Choose one sentence from this paragraph below and put it in your own words.

The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their
potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers to work
that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and interferes with
their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school
prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and
heavy work.

ILO (2020) What is Child Labour?. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/index.html

Steps required for
paraphrasing

What do you do first to change it to your own words?

Step 1 – Use synonyms - a word or a phrase that
means exactly or nearly the same as another word or
phrase in the same language.
Step 2 – Change the word form – i.e. verb to noun
Step 3- Change the word order/information order – The
meaning remains the same, but the order is different.
Paraphrasing Practice 2: Using synonyms
Instructions: Match the underlined words in the sentences to the best
suitable synonym/phrase in the white box below. (you can use an online
dictionary if needed)

1. …the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organisation creates

signs of optimism.

2. Management is able to use the growth to entice and encourage employees.

3. Morale suffers during decline.

Check
your
answers
Answers:
1. a developing business; positive signals
2. Attract; inspire
3. The mood is impacted
Paraphras
ing
Practice
Instructions: Change the word class of the underlined words in the sentences below. Then
rewrite the sentences. Work with your partner to come up with the correct answers.
Example:
2: Word
People fear they may be the next to be made redundant.
> Employees are concerned that they could be facing redundancy next.

Forms
(clue: adjective to noun)

1. It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organisation than a declining one.
(Pair
>.... __________________________________________ is significantly
easier when a company is expanding rather than shrinking.

Work)
(Clue: verb to noun)

2. For those whose jobs are secure….

> Employees who have _____________________________________________________.

(Clue: adjective to compound noun)
Change from a clause to a phrase
Example:
• After he ate lunch, Sean took a nap.
• After eating lunch, Sean took a nap.

Change from active voice to passive voice

Example:
• A hotel employee will carry your bags.
• Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee.
Change
Transitions
Example:
• Although it was raining, Fatima walked to school.
• Despite the rain, Fatima walked home.
• It was raining, however, Fatima walked to school.

Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech

Example:
• Mr Lauder, “I am ready for lunch”.
• Mr Lauder said he is ready for lunch.
Activity 3 – Practise your Citation Skills

STEP 1
Instructions:
Take two post it notes
Post it 1: Write one positive
about Arden University Positive Area for
Post it 2: Write one area for comment improvement
improvement about Arden
University (Atkinson, (Ahmed,
Add your family name and a 2021) 2019)
year between 2018-2022 to
each of the post it notes
Stick on the wall or a table
splitting into positives and
areas for improvement
Take a photo of the post its
from your classmates
Step 2
Instructions:
• From your photo-
• Construct a paragraph
PARAPHRASING your
classmates thoughts on
Arden University (positive
and areas for improvement)
• Don’t forget to
credit/reference the ideas
back to the original person
• Try to write in your own
words, but using the
classmates ideas
• Add the citation
From lots of ideas
from different
people in their
words…
To a paraphrased
paragraph
incorporating other
people’s ideas (not
copying) and citing
Example:
Some students believe the positives of Arden
University are… (name, year).
However, there are some areas for
improvements. For example.. (
Assessment Workshop
Turniti
n
At Arden University, we take unfair practice very seriously.

All students are required to submit their work through a

software programme called Turnitin.

Turnitin checks the submitted work against:

Other submitted work to Arden University
Work submitted to other institutions
A huge number of resources posted on the Internet.
Example of Turnitin Originality Report
How does Turnitin spot Unfair Practice?
Turnitin indicates how and where work might not have been properly referenced or
from where too much work has been directly copied.
In that case, the programme flags up the work as possible plagiarism and provides
the submitted work with a similarity number.

All students have the opportunity to submit their work to Turnitin prior to final
submission of the work.
This allows you to check where you need to acknowledge sources and to see
whether there is too much reliance on sources and insufficient independent work.
Note that even if all sources have been properly acknowledged, there can still be a
high Turnitin score.
This suggests that there is too much reliance on external sources. In these
circumstances, it is likely that the student is not answering the question effectively.
Assignment – your draft tasks

Formative Tasks
Task 1: Due in Week 4
Task 2:Due in Week 4

Task 3: Due in Week 8

Task 4:Due in Week 8

Final Portfolio: Due in Week 10

 Assessment Tasks 1 & 2

Task 1 and 2 of the draft

assignment is due for submission
by Monday the 09/10/2022.

You are required to complete the

task and submit it in via the
appropriate submission link in
iLearn.

You will receive feedback on your

draft tasks from your lecturer
through the iLearn module site

Refer to the assignment brief and

iLearn for further details
Your independent study time

This is your time to work on your assessment

tasks.

If you have finished Task 1 and 2, you can have

a go at the Plagiarism Game! Good Luck! 

Game Link:
https://www.lycoming.edu/library/plagiarism-game/
Assignment – Your Draft
Tasks
Task 1 & 2 of the draft assignment is due for submission by Sunday 9th
October 11.59pm.

You are required to complete the task and submit it in via the appropriate
submission link in iLearn.

You will receive feedback on your submitted work by close of business on

Friday the 16th October 2022.

Refer to the assignment brief for further details

References

Cottrell, S., 2013. The Study Skills Handbook (Palgrave Study Skills). London:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Cottrell, S., 2015. Skills for Success: Personal Skills and Employability. 3rd
edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Saunders, M.N.K., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2012.
Research Methods for Business Students. 6th edition. Harlow: Pearson
Education.

https://plagiarism.iu.edu/
https://www.lycoming.edu/library/plagiarism-game/
ASP Assessment Deadlines

Formative Tasks
Task 1: Due in Week 4
Task 2: Due in Week 4

Task 3:Due in Week 8

Task 4:Due in Week 8

Final Portfolio: Week 10

Wed 2pm
Thank you for your
engagement today.

The next session will

focus on:
Referencing Academic
Sources