WHAT IS BIOLOGY?

A basic biological theory

 Biology is the study of
complicated things that
have the appearance of
having been designed with
a purpose.
Defining Biology

Richard Dawkins
DIRECTIONS: 1. Living of cells 3. From arise
Complete the three or one all more cells pre-existing
basic components of things Composed cells all
the cell theory by are
arranging these words
in proper order.

2. Is unit the
basic cell life
of the
Biology 1
 Biology 1
THE CELL
THEORY

A Biology I Report
CELLS
 Cells are the basic building blocks of all
living things.

Biology 1
PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
 Biology 1
WHO DISCOVERED CELLS?
 Robert Hooke 1665
‫ ۝‬English Physicist
‫ ۝‬First to observe cork and
their characteristic hexagonal
shape, using the first optical
microscope, which was
invented by him at that time
which he now called CELLS.
ROBERT HOOKE.
ROBERT HOOKE
 o Published his observations
on tiny living organisms
which he named
animalcules.
o The first to observe under
his microscope the structure
of a red blood cell of
different animals as well as
Anton van Leeuwenhoek a sperm cell.
1676.
o He was able to compare
diverse kinds of plant
specimens under the
microscope.
o Indicated that there is a
common thing about them-
they are all composed of
cells, and inside the cell is a
dark dense spot which he Robert Brown 1831
termed as the NUCLEUS.
 o German Botanist

o Concluded that all

plant parts are made
of cells.

Matthias Schleiden 1838

o also a botanist and a
close friend of
Schleiden

o stated that all animal

tissues are composed of
cells, too.
Theodor Schwann 1839
 o Concluded that
all cells come
from pre-existing
cells.
Rudolf Virchow 1839
 Biology 1
THE CELL
THEORY
Describes the properties of all cell.

A Biology I Report
 Three Basic Components

1. All living things 2. The cell is the 3. All cells arise

are composed of one basic unit of life; from pre-existing
or more cells cells.
 Biology 1
TWO TYPES
OF CELL
 Biology 1
Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells

Have no nucleus. Instead, some prokaryotes Characterized by a true nucleus. This

such as bacteria have a region within the cell where broad category involves plants, fungi,
the genetic material is freely suspended. This protozoans, and animals.
region is called the nucleoid.
 CELL
STRUCTURE
Biology 1
CELL
MEMBRANE
The cell membrane supports
and protects the cell. It controls
the movement of substances in
and out of the cells. It separates
the cell from the external
environment. The cell
membrane is present in all the
cells.
CELL WALL CYTOPLASM
The cell wall is present The cytoplasm is a thick, clear,
exclusively in plant cells. It jelly-like substance present inside
protects the plasma membrane the cell membrane.
and other cellular components.
The cell wall is also the
outermost layer of plant cells.

CELL STRUCTURE
NUCLEUS
The nucleus protects the DNA 
and is an integral component of a
plant’s cell structure.

CELL STRUCTURE
CELL
ORGANELLES
Cells are composed of various cell
organelles that perform certain specific
functions to carry out life’s processes. 
 Nucleolus
The nucleolus is the site of
ribosome synthesis. Also, it is
involved in controlling cellular
activities and cellular reproduction

CELL
 Nuclear Membrane

The nuclear membrane protects the

nucleus by forming a boundary
between the nucleus and other cell
organelles.

CELL
 Chromosomes
Chromosomes play a crucial role in
determining the sex of an individual.
Each human cells contain 23 pairs of
chromosomes.

CELL
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is
involved in the transportation of
substances throughout the cell.

CELL
 Golgi Bodies
Golgi bodies are called the cell’s
post office as it is involved in the
transportation of materials within the
cell.

CELL
 Ribosome
Ribosomes are the protein
synthesizers of the cell.

CELL
 Mitochondria
The mitochondrion is called “the
powerhouse of the cell.” It is called
so because it produces ATP – the
cell’s energy currency.

CELL
 Lysosomes
Lysosomes protect the cell by
engulfing the foreign bodies entering
the cell and help in cell
renewal. Therefore, they are known
as the cell’s suicide bags.

CELL
 Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are the primary
organelles for photosynthesis. It
contains the pigment called
chlorophyll.

CELL
Vacuoles
Vacuoles store food, water, and
other waste materials in the cell.

CELL
 Gap 0
Presentations are communication tools
that can be used as lectures.

The Cell
Cycle
Gap 1
Presentations are communication tools
that can be used as lectures.
Phases of the eukaryotic
cell cycle
Synthesis
Biology 1

Presentations are communication tools

that can be used as lectures.
 Prophase
Presentations are communication tools
that can be used as lectures.

The Mitotic
Prometaphase
Presentations are communication tools Phase
that can be used as lectures.
Stages of chromosome
separation
Metaphase
Biology 1

Presentations are communication tools

that can be used as lectures.
A. The Discovery of Cell

Matthias Schleiden
Robert Hooke
Theodor Schwann
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Rudolf Virchow

Direction. Based on what you have discussed about the Cell Theory which tells about the
discovery of cell. Take note of the scientists and their respective works. Choose from the box which
scientist gave the following statements.

__________1. All cells come from pre-existing cells (1858).

__________2. All animals are made up of cells (1839).
__________3. All plants are made up of cells (1838).
__________4. Tiny living organisms are observed (1676).
__________5. Thousands of tiny empty chambers in cork are called cells (1665)
Binary Fission: 1. A single DNA molecule is replicated and attaches to
the membrane.
How Prokaryotes Presentations are communication tools.

Reproduce
2. The cell membrane grows and doubles in size.
Asexually Presentations are communication tools.

3. A cell wall forms and produces daughter cells.

Presentations are communication tools.

Biology 1
Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration
Presentations are tools that can be Presentations are tools that can be
used as lectures. used as lectures.
Biology 1

Energy-Releasing Phase Energy-Requiring Phase

Presentations are tools that can Presentations are tools that can
be used as lectures. be used as lectures.
Diabetes Genetic diseases Cancer
Presentations are Presentations are Presentations are
communication tools that communication tools that communication tools that
can be used as lectures. can be used as lectures. can be used as lectures.

Practical Applications
Diseases involving the glycolic process
 Biology 1
The Citric Acid Cycle

What goes in the

TCA or Krebs Cycle
Converting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
 Biology 1
The Krebs Cycle
Memory Aid
Presentations are communication tools that
can be used as lectures.
Hans Adolf Krebs
Biologist in Focus

Life & Education

Presentations are communication tools.

Notable Contributions
Presentations are communication tools.

Biology 1
 Biology 1
The Electron Transport Chain

The protein complex series

From food to energy
Biology 1

The Reporters

Sandra Mullins
Researcher

Bio I Group A
 Biology 1
Leonora
Madrigal

Camden Michaels
Presenter

Bio I Group A
Biology 1

The Reporters

Leonora Madrigal
Editor

Bio I Group A
Biology 1

Online sources used

Resources

Cell Theory: A Core Principle of Biology

by Regina Bailey

Glycolysis
Khan Academy

How to Learn the Krebs Cycle

Sunil Kumar