BATSTATEU

CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ORIENTATION
 Learning Outcome:

Intended learning outcome: Understand the advancement and development of Civil

engineering

● Understand the history of Civil Engineering

● comprehending ethical and professional responsibilities
● recognize the effects of civil engineering in a sociocultural, economic, and
environmental context.
● Check out the notable structure
● learn about the BSCE curriculum

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
University
Orientation
 CIVIL ENGINEERING

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 MODULE 1

CIVIL ENGINEERING
“We shape our buildings,
thereafter they shape us”
- Winston churchill

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Introduction
Civil engineering is the most ancient engineering discipline. It is the branch of engineering
concerned with the design and maintenance of roads, bridges, dams, and similar structures. It
can be traced back to the first time someone put a roof over his or her head or laid a tree
trunk across a river to make crossing easier.

Civil engineers have a unique duty to shape the world's future. They have been empowering
the technological and societal advancement of the world. Its goal is to construct and
maintain the infrastructures that we depend on everyday such as roads, bridges, water
management systems, and flood control systems while taking into account what is best for
the society and environment. Civil engineering’s objectives for the world’s future are to
develop a safe and sustainable society: from ensuring the availability of potable water,
building resilient infrastructures, and finding solutions to meet the growing demand of the
ever-growing society.

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 History Civil engineering

It is difficult to determine the history of emergence and beginning of civil

engineering, however, that the history of civil engineering is a mirror of the
history of human beings on this earth. Man used the old shelter caves to
protect themselves from the weather and harsh environment, and used a tree
trunk to cross the river, which being the demonstration of ancient age civil
engineering.

 
Civil Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering
may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to
abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became
increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing.
 
Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and
architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably. The construction of
Pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700-2500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structure constructions.

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 History Civil engineering

Around 2550 BC, Imhotep, the first documented engineer, built a famous stepped
pyramid for King Djoser located at Saqqara Necropolis. With simple tools and
mathematics he created a monument that stands to this day. His greatest contribution to
engineering was his discovery of the art of building with shaped stones. Those who
followed him carried engineering to remarkable heights using skill and imagination. 

Acient historic civil engineering constructions include the Qanat water management system (the oldest older than 3000 years and
longer than 71  km,) the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman  engineers (c. 312 BC),
the Great Wall of China by General Meng T’ien under orders from Ch’in  Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC) and the stupas
constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the  Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans
developed civil  structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbours, bridges,  dams and roads.
 
Other remarkable historical structures are Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan built in 691  BC; Li Ping's irrigation projects in China
(around 220 BC); Julius Caesar's Bridge over the Rhine  River built in 55 BC, numerous bridges built by other Romans in and
around Rome(e.g. the pons  Fabricius); Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct, Nimes, France) built in 19 BC; the extensive system  of
highways the Romans built to facilitate trading and (more importantly) fast manoeuvring of  legions; extensive irrigation system
constructed by the Hohokam Indians, Salt River, AZ around  600 AD; first dykes defending against high water in Friesland, The
Netherlands around 1000 AD;  El Camino Real - The Royal Road, Eastern Branch, TX and Western Branch, NM (1500s AD).

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 History Civil engineering

Machu Picchu, Peru, built at around 1450,

at the height of the Inca Empire is
considered an engineering marvel. It was
built in the Andes Mountains assisted by
some of history’s most ingenious water
resource engineers. The people of Machu
Picchu built a mountain top city with running
water, drainage systems, food production
and stone structures so advanced that they  
endured for over 500 years. 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 History Civil engineering

A treatise on Architecture, Book called Vitruvius' De Archiectura,

was published at 1AD in Rome and survived to give us a look at
engineering education in ancient times. It was probably  written
around 15 BC by the Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to
his  patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building
projects. 

Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was
carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters,  rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was
retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by  advances. Structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were
repetitive, and increases in scale  were incremental.
One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical  problems applicable to civil
engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC,  including Archimedes Principle, which underpins
our understanding of buoyancy, and practical  solutions such as Archimedes’ screw. Brahmagupta, an Indian
mathematician, used arithmetic in  the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, for excavation
(volume) computations.

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Educational and Institutional history of Civil engineering

In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to

incorporate all things civilian  as opposed to military engineering. The
first engineering school, The National School of Bridges  and
Highways, France, was opened in 1747. The first self-proclaimed civil
engineer was John  Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone
Lighthouse. In 1771, Smeaton and some of his colleagues  formed the
Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the
profession who met  informally over dinner. Though there was evidence
of some technical meetings, it was little more  than a social society. 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Educational and Institutional history of Civil engineering

In 1818, the world's first engineering society, the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in
London, and in 1820 the eminent engineer  Thomas Telford became its first president. The
institution received a  Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognizing civil engineering as a 
profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as: “Civil engineering is  the application of
physical and scientific principles, and its history is  intricately linked to advances in
understanding of physics and  mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is
a wide  ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history
is linked to knowledge of structures, material science, geography, geology, soil, hydrology,
environment,  mechanics and other fields.” 

The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States was Norwich 
University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge. The first degree in Civil
Engineering in  the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835.
The first such degree  to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora
Stanton Blatch in 1905.

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Civil Engineering in the Philippines and A Brief History of
Philippine Institute Civil Engineers (PICE)

Civil Engineering is a professional discipline that deals with the

design constructions,  including works like roads, bridges,
pipelines, railways, canals, dams, sewage systems, airports,
etc. Civil Engineering also deals with the maintenance of the
physical and natural build of the  environment, durability, and the
safety in the field structure. Civil Engineers are united through  the
mandate of organization of Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
and is usually called PICE.  This organization aims to build a strong
foundation among all Civil Engineers in the Philippines. 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Civil Engineering in the Philippines and A Brief History of
Philippine Institute Civil Engineers (PICE)
December 11,1973 PICE was issued a certificate of  registration to culminate and fulfill the vision to
merge the two separate organizations in the country, Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) and
Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE). 

Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) was the first Civil Engineering organization in the
country formed by a group of Civil Engineers mostly from the government sector and was headed by
Engr. Marcial Kasilag who holds the 1st slot in the PRC Registry of Civil Engineers. PSCE was formed
during the late twenties. 

In 1937, another group of Civil Engineers came and formed the Philippine Association of  Civil
Engineers (PACE). They came mostly from the private sector and Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes  led the
said group and was the first president of the organization. The main objectives of the  organization is
to ascend the standards of the profession, inspire research and engineering  knowledge and
technology to members, foster good fellowship among members, and promote  better relationships
and communication with other technological and scientific societies. 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Civil Engineering in the Philippines and A Brief History of
Philippine Institute Civil Engineers (PICE)
PSCE and PACE as one 

Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) proved that they are more active than  Philippine
Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) resulting in migration of members from PSCE to  PACE. Under the
administration of the late PACE president Cesar A. Caliwara exerted  more effort to merge the two
organization, calling both panel of representative to convene and  commence a series of
conversation to make a new and united organization that will benefit the  entire Civil Engineers and
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) came and formed.

PICE Objectives and Goals

PICE aims to conscientiously advance the interest and promote the welfare of members,
promote prestige and public awareness of the profession, and enhance social responsibility and
community involvement of Civil Engineers. PICE also observes integrity, professionalism, 
excellence, social responsibility and leadership as their core values that must be developed and
exercised among the members of the organization.

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Introduction to BS Civil
Engineering as a Bachelor
Program and as a Profession 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Curriculum Description 

Civil Engineering is a profession that applies the basic principles of science in 
conjunction with mathematical and computational tools to solve problems associated
with  developing and sustaining civilized life on our planet. 

The Civil Engineering curriculum is designed to prepare graduates to apply

knowledge  of mathematics, calculus-based physics, chemistry, and at least one
additional area of basic  science, consistent with the Program Educational Objectives;
apply knowledge of technical  areas appropriate to civil engineering; conduct civil
engineering experiments and analyze and  interpret the resulting data; design a
system component, or process in more than one civil  engineering context; explain
basic concepts in management, business, public policy, and  leadership; and explain
the importance of professional licensure. 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 The BSCE Curriculum of`Batangas State University (BatStateU) has a total
of 188 credit  units usually completed with eight (8) semesters and two (2)
Midterm classes. BatStateU – Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering has five
(5) options of tracks/ specializations namely: 

Structural Engineering 
Construction Engineering and Management 
Water Resources Engineering 
Geotechnical Engineering 
Transportation Engineering 

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering
 Program Educational Objectives 

The graduates of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering within three to five

years after  graduation shall: 

1. successfully participate as partners in nation-building in engineering

projects  involving structural, geotechnical, water resources, transportation
and construction

2. adhere to professional, moral and ethical standards in the practice of civil

engineering  

BATANGAS STATE
The National Engineering
UNIVERSITY
CE-401 : Civil Engineering