WATER

Potable Water
What is potable water?
It is water that is safe to be consumed by humans .
Only .007% of water on the Earth is potable
WATER
71% from earth surface.
97% salt water (sea)
3% fresh water
 87% ice and glaciers, underground, air.
 13% surface water (0.4% total water).

Function
Domestic.
Industry.
Agriculture.
Recreation.
Safety and security.
 90%
80%
70%
Water Usage

60%
50%
40%
30%
Domestic
20%
Industry
10%
0% Agriculture
World North Europe Africa Asia South
America America
 Water Usage and Importance
All living things require water
Every activity that humans do in industry, agriculture
and domestic
 What are the consequences of Water scarcity?
Death ,diseases from unsafe water or Lack of access to
toilets
Lack of access to education, particularly for women
and children, 200 million hours are spent gathering
water each day. This time could be spent working or
going to school
 Ways of Simple Conservation
By watching your water consumption,
This means greater access to water for everyone else
 Also, saving water means saving money
In general, turn water off whenever possible (brushing
teeth, shampooing hair, etc.)
Install water saving toilet ●
Install low-flow shower head and take 5-minute showers
● Always wash a full load of clothing
 Repair leaky pipes ●
Install a rain barrel to catch rain water
Water Pollution
Ideal water supply
Quality.
Quantity.
Pollution of Clean Water Resources

Erosion at water catchments areas.

Erosion of rivers.
Effluent from rubber and palm oil factories.
Effluent from mining site.
Effluent from industry area.
Effluent from farming area.
Effluent from domestic area.
 Water Footprint
The water footprint measures the amount of water
used to produce each of the goods and services we
use. It can be measured for a single process, such
as growing rice, for a product, such as a pair of
jeans, for the fuel we put in our car, or for an entire
multi-national company.
The water footprint is a measure of humanity’s
appropriation of fresh water in volumes of water
consumed and/or polluted.
Production chain
cotton
0.16 1.07 Cotton seed oil,
Cotton seed oil
0.47 1.00 refined

Hulling/ 0.51 Cotton seed

Cotton seed
extraction 0.33 cake

0.63
0.18 0.10
0.20
Cotton linters
Harvesting
Cotton plant Seed-cotton Ginning
0.05
0.35 0.10
Garnetted stock
0.82

1.00 Cotton, not Carding/

Cotton lint 1.00 carded or combed Spinning

0.95 Cotton, carded or

0.99 combed (yarn)

Knitting/
0.95
weaving
0.05
0.99 0.10

Grey fabric Yarn waste

Wet processing

1.00
1.00

Fabric
Legend
Finishing

0 .35 Product fraction 1.00

1.00

0 .82 Value fraction Final textile

2500 litres of water
for 1 cotton shirt
The water footprint of products
global averages

1 kg wheat 1 m3 water

1 kg rice 3 m3 water

1 kg milk 1 m3 water

1 kg cheese 5 m3 water

1 kg beef 15 m3 water

[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]

40 litres of water
for 1 slice of bread
1500 litres of water
per kg refined sugar
2400 litres of water for
100 gram of chocolate
The

 Water Footprint of a nation is the total

amount of water that is used to produce the
goods and services consumed by the
inhabitants of the nation.
More People + More Money = More Water
Demand
Water Infrastructure Is in a Dismal State of Disrepair.
Having enough water to go around is only the beginning.
That water also needs to be transported, treated, and
discharged.
Around the world, water infrastructure―treatment
plants, pipes, and sewer systems―is in a state of
disrepair.
Built infrastructure is notoriously expensive to install
and repair, meaning that many localities ignore growing
infrastructure issues until disaster strikes.
Natural Infrastructure Is Being Ignored.

Healthy ecosystems are natural infrastructure and vital to

clean, plentiful water. They filter pollutants, buffer against
floods and storms, and regulate water supply. Plants and
trees are essential for replenishing groundwater; without
them, rainfall will slide across dry land, instead of seeping
into the soil. Loss of vegetation from deforestation,
overgrazing and urbanization is limiting our natural
infrastructure and the benefits that it provides. Forested
watersheds around the world are under threat
Water Is Wasted.
• Water is a renewable resource, it's often wasted.
 Inefficient practices like flood irrigation
Pollute our available water at an alarming rate, we also fail to treat it.
It's cheaper to receive clean drinking water than to treat and
dispose of wastewater, which encourages water waste.
Water is seriously undervalued
Its price does not reflect the true, total cost of service,
from its transport via infrastructure to its treatment
and disposal. This has led to misallocation of water,
and a lack of investments in infrastructure and new
water technologies that use water more efficiently.
Bottled water has become a pervasive global
business, and bottled water consumption continues
to increase rapidly, particularly in countries where
clean potable tap water is available at very low or no
cost.
Rich cultural meanings of water are used in
marketing and branding, and the forms of
consumer resistance that oppose bottled water as a
commodity.
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