Pulse Modulation system &

Sampling Theorem

Audio Lecture Series on ACS No.11

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 What is Pulse Modulation System?
• In AM , FM & PM i.e Analog Modulation System(Continuous), sinusoidal
signal is used as a carrier.

• To get improvement in performance, instead of sinusoidal signal, pulse is

used as a carrier.

• Thereby, we get Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Width Modulation

and Pulse Position Modulation (i.e. PAM, PWM, PPM) equivalent to
AM,FM and PM.
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 Problems with Pulse Modulation system
• Even though carrier is pulsating, Variation in Amplitude or width or
position of pulse is continuous.

• Hence, we will not get the quality equivalent of digital but time for
detection/Demodulation will be higher.

• This is because, Modulated signal is going to be present only during

the sampled duration.

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Sampled at one Sampling per cycle

Recovered Signal

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Sampled at two Sampling per cycle

Recovered Signal

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Sampled at many samples per cycle

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Sampled at infinite samples per cycle

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 What should be the sampling Rate?-
Sampling Theorem
• If the sampling rate in any pulse modulation system exceeds twice the maximum signal
frequency, the original can be reconstructed in the receiver with minimal distortion.

• Voice frequency range is 300 to 3400 Hz.

• For this application, a sampling rate of 8000 samples/second is almost a worldwide standard.

• This pulse rate is more than twice the highest audio frequency.

• The sampling theorem is satisfied, and the resulting system is free from sampling error.

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Frequency Spectrum

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 Queries?

• nithi@pec.edu
• Whatsapp-9443455879

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