DEFINING

CULTURE AND
SOCIETY
Ms. JAMIE LEE F. TUAZON, LPT
 SOCIETY
Is a group or community of
people usually living in one
geographical location and
this group of people
practice social life which
includes culture.
 THEORIES ON
HUMAN SOCIETY
THEORIES ON HUMAN SOCIETY
REPUBLIC: PLATO
(427-347 B.C.)

He laid his standards for an

ideal society ruled by
philosopher-kings assisted by
equally and intellectually gifted
“guardians”.
THEORIES ON HUMAN SOCIETY
POLITICS: ARISTOTLE
(384-322 B.C.)
He stated that man is self-
sufficient and that those who
are unable to live in society and
have no needs in life must be
either “beasts” or “gods”.
THEORIES ON HUMAN SOCIETY
CITY OF GOD: ST.
AUGUSTINE
(354-430 A.D.)
He describes society’s ultimate
pilgrimage towards the
kingdom of God is the
community that worshipped
Him.
THEORIES ON HUMAN SOCIETY
UTOPIA:SIR THOMAS
MORE
(1468-1535)
He coined the word “utopia”
that refers to the ideal,
imaginary island nation whose
political system he described.
TYPES OF SOCIETY
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES

The main activity

is food production
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
1. HUNTING AND
GATHERING SOCIETIES

The collection of wild

plants and the hunting of
wild animals.
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES

2. PASTORAL SOCIETY

The collection of wild

plants and the hunting of
wild animals.
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
3. HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY

The main source of food is

through raising of fruits
and vegetable grown in
garden plots.
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
4. AGRARIAN
SOCIETY
Applied agricultural
technological advances to
cultivate crops over a
large area.
 A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
5. FEUDAL SOCIETY

Based on the ownership

of land.
TYPES OF SOCIE

B. INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
 TYPES OF
SOCIETY
C. POST-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
TYPES OF
SOCIETY
D. MODERN
SOCIETIES
 CULTURE
Is “that complex whole
which includes knowledge,
beliefs, arts, morals, laws,
customs, and any other
capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a
member of society.”
 CULTURE
It can be basically
characterized as the
people's way of life
which is shared by other
people living in a certain
cultural region.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF CULTURE
Material Culture Non- Material
Includes all material objects
or those components or Culture
elements of culture with Can be categorized into cognitive
physical representation such and normative nonmaterial
as tools, furniture, buildings, culture.
bridge, gadgets, etc.
ELEMENTS OF NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
Beliefs
Symbols
Language
Values
Technology
Norms
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Beliefs- are actually conceptions and ideas of man
regarding his environment.

Symbols- can be defined as anything that has

meaning and represents something else.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Language- refers to a set
of symbols that expresses
ideas and concepts which
enables people to formulate
thoughts and communicate
with one another.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Values- are the sum of all ideas
and concepts that is considered by
a particular culture to be good,
desirable and correct conduct in
day-to-day lives.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Technology- refers to the
application of knowledge and
equipment to ease the task of
living and maintaining the
environment.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Norms- serve as a more
concrete set of rules and
standards to be observed by man
in his cultural setting.
 FORMS OF NORMS
1. Folkways
2. Mores
3. Taboos
4. Laws
 ETHNOCENTRISM
It is a point of view in which
people use their home culture as
the standard for judging the
worth of another culture.
REVERSE ETHNOCENTRISM
Sees other cultures as a
superior to their own.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
A point of view that sees all
cultures to be equal with
each other.
 Why is it
important to
preserve our