The Internal Structure

of the Earth
Grade 10
1 Quarter
st

Earth and Space

Week 1
Learning Goals and Standards
• Describe and relate the distribution of active
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
Lesson 1: The Layers of the Earth
• Identify the layers of the Earth.
• Demonstrate how difference in density
divides the earth into several layers.
• Cite the importance of our planet having
different layers.
• Describe the hard-boiled
egg.

• How this hard-boiled egg

similar to the earths
structure?
Lesson 1: The Layers of the Earth
• Look at the picture on the right.
• Can you name the layers of the
Earth?
• What is the difference of each
layer of the
Earth?
 The Layers of the Earth
• Ways to classify the layers of
the Earth: Based on its material
or chemical composition; the
other is based on mechanical
characteristics such as
temperature and seismic waves.
 The Layers of the Earth
•Which part is made up of
lightest materials? Of heavier
materials?
 Try this!
• Mix vinegar and oil.
• Which liquid rose to
the top?
• Which liquid sank?
• Why is this so?
The layers of the Earth
• What you did is like what happens to
the Earth.
• Because of the difference in density,
the Earth is separated into several
layers.
The Crust (Compositional)
• The outermost layer of Earth.
• Oceanic Crust is a dense and
thin layer.
• Continental Crust is a thicker
and lighter than oceanic crust.
 1. The Crust
• It is the layer made up of oceanic and
continental crust

- Continental crust (granite & andesite)

- Oceanic crust (basalt)
a. Granite b. Andesite

c. Basalt
The Lithosphere
• It is composed of the crust and upper mantle.
• It is solid, rigid, and brittle, extending about 100-
200 km in depth.

• Lithosphere has tendency to break under pressure,

which is responsible for earthquakes.
 The Mantle
• The largest layer
• Mantle is hot and dense due to the
idea that temperature and
pressure increases with depth.
• Ultramafic rock: Peridotite (Iron
and Magnesium)
 Asthenosphere
• Composed of molten materials that can flow
(Not liquid)
• Responsible for the motion of tectonic plates.
• Approximately 200 km in depth below the
surface.
• Mesosphere: Lowest part of the mantle.
• Convection currents are caused by the heavy
hot material at the deepest part of the Mantle
rising, then cooling, sinking again and repeating
the cycle over and over again.
•Can you cite some of your
experiences wherein convection
current can be seen?
 Core
• Inner part of the Earth.
• Is composed of melted metals
nickel and iron.
• Core makes up 31% of the Earth
composition.
• Source of planet’s internal heat.
How does the outer core differs
from the inner core?
•Do they have similar components?

•Do they have similar phase?

Outer Core (Liquid form)
• Composed of iron-nickel
• Region is responsible for the magnetic field of Earth.

Inner Core (Solid form)

• Intense pressure &
extremely high temp.
• Composed of very
dense and heavy iron &
nickel.
Let’s check what you learned!
• What are the four layers of the Earth?

• What causes the mantle to “flow”?

• What are the two main metals that make up

the outer and inner core?
Let’s check what you learned!
• What happens to the temperature and
pressure as we go deeper to the layers of the
Earth?

• Why do you think it is an advantage that our

planet has several layers?
References:
• Datukan, Janir T., et.al,.Mixploring Science 10. Vibal Group, Inc. 2017
• Tarbuck, Edward J., et al,. Earth Science. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. 2009
• https://www.thegreenhead.com/2010/08/perfect-mix-oil-vinegar-bottle.php
• http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1
• https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/98423/view/earth-layers-artwork
• https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.worldatlas.com/amp/articles/what-is-continental-drift.html
• https://www.google.com/amp/s/sciencestruck.com/the-theory-of-continental-drift/amp
• https://continentaldrift-theoryofplatetectonics.weebly.com/
• https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/geology/353173
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/continental-drift/
• http://reifymedia.com/time-boxing-experiment/
• https://www.google.com/amp/s/m.mapsofindia.com/world-map/ocean-amppage.html
• https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/taylor-swift
• https://publish.illinois.edu/platetectonics/continental-drift/