Inside the Earth

Learning Competencies
• The learners identify the layers of
the Earth (S1 1ES-IId-28); and
• Differentiate the layers of the
Earth from each other (S11 ES-
IIe-29)
 Layers of the Earth
• If we could take a chunk out of the
Earth, we would see that it is made up
of different layers.
 Layers of the Earth
• Earth is made up of 3 main layers
– Crust
– Mantle
– Core

– Each layer has it’s own individual composition and

physical properties.
 Physical Properties and
Composition
• Composition= what it’s made of

• Physical properties= characteristic that is

unique and helps to identify the substance
(temp, size, shape, color)

• Example: Chocolate Chip Cookies

• Composition- flour, eggs, sugar, chocolate
chips, baking powder, butter
• Properties- round, rough, sweet, tan and black,
hot, lumpy,
 Layers of the Earth(p90)
• CRUST
– Physical Properties:
• outermost layer
• thinnest layer (5-70km thick)
• Surface temperature
• 1% of Earth’s mass
• where we live
• touches the atmosphere
– Composition:
• consists of loose rocks
& soil
Crust

• Very
thin
 2 Types of Crust
• Continental Crust:
dry land, granite
less dense
Oceanic Crust:
ocean floor,
Basalt, thinner
than cont. crust
but more dense
 Layers of the Earth
• MANTLE
– Physical Properties:
• thickest layer (2900km thick)
• 1600-4000 F
• 66% of earth’s mass
• flowing
– Composition:
• Molten rock
– Magma
 Layers of the Earth

• CORE
– Physical properties:
• HOT! 4000-8000 F
• Very dense
• High pressure
• 4000 miles from surface
• 33% of Earth’s mass
• About the same size as
Mars
– Composition:
• Iron and Nickel (metals)
 What have you noticed about
temperature and pressure?
• As you get deeper inside the Earth,
temperature Increases
• As you get deeper inside the Earth,
pressure Increases
 Layers of the Earth
• The 3 main layers
of the Earth can be
divided further by
the way they “act”
within the Earth
and by their
different physical
properties.
 Lithosphere
Crust and upper Mantle
• outermost layer –
includes crust and
upper mantle
• rigid
• divided into
pieces or
tectonic plates
• Rocks and soil
 Asthenosphere
Middle Mantle
• composed of solid
flowing rock
• layer on which pieces of
lithosphere move on top
(solid rock that flows)
– Think of
it like caramel
Mesosphere
Bottom Mantle
• strong, lower
part of the
mantle
• layer between
asthenosphere
and core
 The Core
Outer and Inner
• The core is divided into two parts
– Outer Core:
• Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning
– Inner Core:
• Solid iron and nickel
• Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the
Earth surrounding it.
 How do we know?
• Seismic waves
produced by
earthquakes
travel at
different
speeds through
solid rock
and liquids
Layers of the Earth
 How do we know there are
layers of the earth?
•Earthquakes emit different kinds
of seismic waves that can travel
through different substances and
at different speeds
•Scientists used these waves
to determine the layers based
on the speed and movement of
the layers!