EARTH’S

INTERNAL
STRUCTURE
Macvivar P. Pastidio
Master Teacher I
 Overview
• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer Core
• Inner Core
CRUST
 Crust
• Thickness is 0-70 kms
• Outermost layer of the Earth
• Crust is divided according to:
1. Level of layer
2. Location
 Crust
• According to level of layer:
1. Upper Layer
- Is composed of sial rocks
2. Lower Layer
- Is made up of sima rocks
 Crust
• According to location:
1. Continental Crust
- Lighter colored, less dense rocks, such
as granite & iolite
- Metamorphic rocks (quartz, marble, &
crystal) & sedimentary rocks (limestone
& sandstone)
 Crust
• According to location:
2. Oceanic Crust
- Dark dense rocks (basalt &
gabbro)
- Rocks are denser than continental
crust (2.9 X the density of water)
MANTLE
 Mantle
• Mantle, region of the interior of the earth that
lies between the outer crust and the core.
• The mantle is the largest of these regions and
comprises the bulk of the earth’s mass and
volume.
• Temperatures in the mantle are high, reaching
about 3700° C
• Pressure is 1.37 million atmosphere (atm)
 Mantle
• The mantle consists of three parts:
1. Upper mantle
2. Transition Zone
3. Lower mantle
 Mantle
1. Upper mantle
• From Mohorovicic discontinuity to
depth of 400 km
• Composed of iron & magnesium
silicates (olivine, pyroxene,
amphibole)
 Mantle
1. Upper mantle
1.1 Asthenosphere.
• The term asthenosphere is derived
from Greek and means “weak layer.”
• The asthenosphere’s soft, plastic
quality allows plates in the lithosphere
above it to shift and slide on top of the
asthenosphere.
 Mantle
1. Upper Mantle
1.1 Asthenosphere
• This shifting of the lithosphere’s plates
is the source of most tectonic activity.
• The asthenosphere is also the source of
the basaltic magma that makes up much
of the oceanic crust and rises through
volcanic vents on the ocean floor.
 Mantle
2. Transition Zone
• 400 km to 670 km
• Earthquakes can reach as far as
this zone
 Mantle
3. Lower Mantle
• 670 km to 2890 km
• Composed of silicon and iron
Major Features of the Earth’s
Crust and Upper Mantle
OUTER CORE
 Outer Core
• The outer core is a liquid region
composed mostly of iron, with
smaller amounts of nickel and sulfur
in liquid form.
• Temperature reaches about 2000°C
• Generates Earths’ magnetic field.
INNER CORE
 Inner Core
• The inner core is a solid region
composed mostly of iron oxide
and sulfur oxide
• Temperature reaches about
5000°C
“In life, we are layered with many
problems, from the hottest problem
to the coldest one. It is up to us on
how to deal with them by going
with the flow.”
- C.B. Marimla
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!

Activity Time (1/2 crosswise,
Copy & Answer, By pair)
“Outer core is on its liquid state.
Outer core plays a major role in
Earth’s magnetism, the reason why
our planet rotate and revolve
around the sun. What do you think
will happen if one day, the outer
core becomes solid? Explain your
answer.