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PLT FREYR B TENORIO RM, RN, MAN

 CIVIL
DISTURBANCE
MANAGEMENT
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the trainees should be able to:

a. Recognize the role that firefighters played in the

proper implementation of civil disturbance
management in coordination with other law
enforcement officers.

b. Analyze situations where rights and maximum

tolerance are to be implemented.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES:

c. Formulate mechanism that could effectively

implement the proper operational procedure
in terms of civil unrest and disturbance.

d. Poster holistic approach to attain peace and

order through peaceful and non-violent
means.
CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT

TOPIC I

The role that firefighters played

in the proper implementation of
civil disturbance management in
coordination with other law
enforcement officers.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Civil disturbance – acts of violence and disorder prejudicial to the public law and
order. It includes acts such as riots, acts of violence, insurrections,
unlawful obstructions or assemblages, or other disorders prejudicial
to public law and order. It also includes all domestic conditions
requiring or likely to require the use of federal armed forces.

Crowd Control – law enforcement response to a pre-planned or spontaneous event,

activity, or occurrence that has become unlawful or violent and may
require arrests and/or the dispersal of the crowd.

Crowd Management – encompasses law enforcement management, intervention, and

control strategies when responding to all forms of public assemblies
and gatherings. Also refers specifically to strategies and tactics
employed before, during, and after a gathering for the purpose of
maintaining the event’s lawful activities.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I

POLICY:

Republic Act 8551, Section 3 otherwise known as PNP Reform

and Reorganization Act of 1998, provides that in times of
national emergency, the BFP and the BJMP along with the
Philippine National Police shall, upon the direction of the
President, assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in meeting
the national emergency, in addition to the performance of their
inherent functions as mandated by law. PNP Critical Incident
Management Action Flowcharts and Checklist Handbook –
Management of Civil Disturbance Incident Checklist
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I

Purpose

Ensure public and personnel safety when

attending and assisting crowd dispersal
units of the PNP/AFP.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
BASIC CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND
GUIDEPOSTS:

•The Bureau of Fire Protection recognize the

constitutional rights of the people to peaceably
assemble and petition the government for redress and
grievances and to exercise these rights without
prejudice to the rights of others to life, liberty and equal
protection of the law. The Bureau of Fire Protection shall
exercise highest degree of restraint during public
assembly or in the dispersal of the same.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
BASIC CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND
GUIDEPOSTS:

•The Role of the Bureau of Fire Protection during Crowd

Dispersal Management operation is only limited as a
support unit to the Philippine National Police. The
protesters shall not be hit directly with water in salient
body parts. Members of the Bureau of Fire Protection
augmentation force shall not carry any kind of firearms or
deadly weapons during actual Crowd Dispersal
Management operation. (VIDEO)
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
BASIC CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND
GUIDEPOSTS:

• Maximum tolerance shall always be properly

observed. For dispersal involving a local chief
executive, Fire Stations in adjacent Local
Government Units shall be deployed.

• BFP augmentation force must use shields or

body protection (VIDEO)
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
RESPONSIBILITIES

• Municipal and City Fire Station shall

respond as support to PNP CDM Team.

• District and Provincial Offices shall approve

written request from the PNP and dispatch
additional resources within the district
level when needed.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
RESPONSIBILITIES

• Regional Offices shall approve deployment

of personnel and equipment within the
regional level.

• EMS and SRF

(Emergency shall assist and
Medical Service) (Special Rescue Force)

support the team being deployed

 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
PRE / BEFORE

1. The Municipal/City Fire Station receives a

written request from the Philippine
National Police or other law enforcement
agency.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
PRE / BEFORE

2. The CFM/MFM endorses the request of

the PNP to the District/Provincial Marshal
(D/PFM) who has jurisdiction on the
location where the assembly or rally will
be held.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
PRE / BEFORE

3. The D/PFM forwards the request of the

PNP to the Regional Director for approval
when the scope of the rally goes beyond
his jurisdiction.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
PRE / BEFORE

4. Upon approval of the written request

from the PNP, the Deputy Regional
Director for Operation (DRDO)/District/
Provincial Operations Officer
(D/POO)/Station’s Operation Officer
(SOO) coordinates with the PNP and
prepares the Operational Plan.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
PRE / BEFORE

5. The Deputy Regional Director for

Administration/District/ Provincial
Administrative Officer/Stations
Administrative Officer prepares the
deployment order of BFP CDM
contingents.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
PRE / BEFORE

6. DRDO/D/POO/SOO briefs the

units/personnel involved in the CDM
operation.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
ACTUAL/DURING

7. Upon arrival, BFP Augmentation Team

Leader coordinates with the PNP Ground
Commander.
8. The BFP Team Leader takes command
from the PNP Ground Commander in the
area.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
ACTUAL/DURING

9. The BFP Team Leader pre-positions the

fire truck, behind the PNP CDM force,
facing opposite the crowd for easy
maneuverability. The EMS ambulance
and the Rescue Team are to be
positioned at the cold zone. (VIDEO)
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
ACTUAL/DURING

10. The Pump Operator sets engine

pressure enough to disperse crowd and
upon the direction of the PNP Ground
Commander.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
ACTUAL/DURING

11. Once the PNP CDM force is overrun by

the protesters, the BFP Augmentation
Team retreats along with the PNP CDM
force and returns only to proper position
when the latter have already re-
positioned themselves. (VIDEO)
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC I
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
POST/AFTER

12. The BFP Augmentation Team seeks

clearance from the PNP Ground
Commander to leave the area
13. The DRDO/D/POO/SOO conducts after
activity debriefing.
14. The DRDO/D/POO/SOO submits After
Activity Report.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT

TOPIC II

RIGHTS AND MAXIMUM TOLERANCE

IMPLEMENTATION
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT

RULE 25. RALLIES and DEMONSTRATIONS

PNP Revised Operational Procedure 2013
Policies

The PNP adheres to the Code of Conduct for Law

Enforcement Officials adopted by the General Assembly
of the United Nations which requires law enforcement
officials to respect and protect human dignity, maintain
and uphold the human rights of all persons, and limit the
use of force to situations where it is strictly necessary
and to the extent required for the performance of their
duty.
Policies

Public assemblies held in freedom parks or on private

property do not need a permit for the activity. Public
assembly with permit or one held in a freedom park or
private property shall not be dispersed as long as it
remains peaceful and no incidence of violence occurs.
 Batas Pambansa Bilang 880
"The Public Assembly Act of 1985"
In the Philippines, a freedom park is a centrally located public
space where political gatherings, rallies and demonstrations may be
held without the need of prior permission from government
authorities. Similar to free speech zones in the United States, the
existence of freedom parks are based on the premise that the
government may regulate the time, place and manner of
assemblies, without prejudice to the nature of expression being
expressed in those assemblies.
 These spaces, of which every city and municipality
is required to have at least one space designated as
such, were created as a result of Reyes v. Bagatsing, a
1983 case heard by the
Supreme Court of the Philippines where it was decided
that there is no legal impediment to holding a rally in a
public venue, which in this case was Rizal Park. This
led to the enactment of Batas Pambansa Blg. 880, the
Public Assembly Act of 1985, which codified
the Reyes decision.
 THE Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
has identified twelve freedom parks in Metro Manila, where no prior
permit will be needed for public protests.

DILG Secretary Ronaldo Puno made the announcement today in

a press conference in Camp Crame, as militant and labor groups
began their protest march marking Labor Day.

The ralliers have vowed to take their protest to Mendiola, which

has been declared as a “no-rally zone.” As this post is being written,
rally leaders are negotiating with police who have barricaded the
streets leading to Mendiola.
On April 25, 2006 the Supreme Court ordered local governments to designate freedom
parks in their jurisdiction, within 30 days from the order.
The following were named freedom parks:

• Manila: Plaza Miranda, Plaza Dilao, Plaza Moriones, and Liwasang Bonifacio
• Quezon City: Quezon Memorial Center
• Caloocan City: LRT Westside in Grace Park
• Navotas: Veterans Park
• Valenzuela: the park in front of the City hall
• San Juan: Pinaglabanan Park
• Pasig City: Plaza Rizal
• Marikina City: the City Hall Freedom Park
• Makati City: the corner of Paseo de Roxas and Makati Avenue

The designation of freedom parks is provided for in Batas Pambansa 880 or the Public
Assembly Act.
Policies

The PNP shall provide police assistance only when

requested by the leaders or organizers for
maintenance of peace and order or to ensure the
safety of those participating in the public assemblies
held in freedom parks or on private property.
Policies

A public assembly held in a public place

must have a permit from the mayor of the
city or municipality exercising jurisdiction
over the place where it will be held.
Policies

A public assembly held with or without a permit may be

peacefully dispersed. A public assembly with a permit may
be dispersed if the same is being held in violation of the
terms and conditions imposed in the permit. In both cases,
before conducting any dispersal operation, the PNP shall
notify the concerned organizers and leaders of the public
assembly.
Policies

Lightning demonstrations or rallies in areas where public

assembly is prohibited shall be dispersed peacefully. However,
should any of the participants refuse to disperse voluntarily or
violate any law or ordinance during an unauthorized public
assembly; they shall be taken into police custody and be
charged accordingly.
Policies

Ground Commanders are responsible

in determining whether there is a
permit for the holding of the public
assembly.
Policies

Close coordination with the mayor of the city or

municipality, or his representative, where the public
assembly is being held should always be maintained
especially when a permit has not been issued but an
application has been fi led prior to the holding of the
public assembly.
Policies

Maximum tolerance shall be exercised in the

conduct of dispersal operations. Violators of
the law shall be apprehended and brought to
the nearest Police Station for proper
disposition
Limitations on the Role of the PNP

The PNP shall not interfere with the holding of a

public assembly. However, to ensure public safety and
to maintain peace and order during the assembly, the
police contingent under the command of a PCO
preferably with the rank of Police Senior Inspector may
be detailed and stationed in a place at least one
hundred (100) meters away from the area of activity.
Guidelines for Civil Disturbance Management (CDM)
Contingent during Rallies / Demonstrations

a. CDM contingent shall be in prescribed uniform without

firearm.
b. Tear gas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar
anti-riot device shall be used only when the public
assembly is attended by actual violence or serious threats
of violence, or deliberate destruction of property.
Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

All public assembly with a permit shall not be dispersed.

However, when an assembly becomes violent, the police may
disperse such public assembly in the following manner:

a. At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground

Commander of the PNP contingent shall call the attention of
the leaders of the public assembly and ask the latter to
prevent any possible disturbance;
Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

b. If actual violence reaches a point where rocks or

other harmful objects from the participants are thrown
at the police officers or at the non-participants, or at
any property, causing damage to it, the Ground
Commander of the PNP contingent shall audibly warn
the participants that if the disturbance persists, the
public assembly will be dispersed;
Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

If the violence or disturbance does not stop, the

Ground Commander of the PNP contingent shall
audibly issue a warning to the participants of the
public assembly, and after allowing a reasonable
period of time to lapse, he shall immediately order
it to disperse; and
Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

No arrest of any leader, organizer or

participant shall be made unless he violates
during the assembly a law, statute, or
ordinance.
Dispersal of Public Assembly without Permit

When the public assembly is held without a permit where a

permit is required, the said public assembly may be peacefully
dispersed. However, when the leaders or organizers of public
assembly can show an application for permit duly filed at the
Office of the Mayor which has jurisdiction over the place
where the rally will be held, at least five (5) days prior to the
intended activity and the Mayor did not act on the same, the
Dispersal of Public Assembly without Permit

Grant of the permit being then presumed under

the law, and it will be the burden of the
authorities to show that there has been a denial of
the application, in which case, the rally may be
peacefully dispersed following the procedure of
maximum tolerance prescribed by law.
Prohibited Acts
It shall be prohibited for a police officer to commit the
following acts during peaceful assembly:
a. Obstructing, impeding, disrupting or otherwise denying
the exercise of the right to peaceful assembly;
b. The unnecessary firing of firearms to disperse the
public assembly;
c. Acts in violation of Rule 25.5 hereof;
d. Acts described hereunder if committed within one
hundred (100) meters from the area of activity of the
public assembly;
Prohibited Acts
(1) The carrying of a deadly or offensive weapon or device
such as firearm, pillbox, bomb, and the like;
(2) The carrying of a bladed weapon;
(3) The malicious burning of any object in the streets or
thoroughfares;
(4) The carrying of firearms by CDM contingents;
(5) The interfering with or intentionally disturbing the
holding of a public assembly by the use of a motor vehicle,
its horns and loud sound systems;
(6) The drinking of liquor or alcoholic beverages; and
(7) Gambling of any kind.
Police Responses during Public Assembly

The following are the police responses during the planning

stage, initial and peaceful stage, confrontational stage, violent
stage and post operation stage:
1. During Planning Stage
2. During Initial and Peaceful Stage
3. During Breach of Peace/Confrontational Stage
(With or without permit)
4. During Violent Stage
5. Post-Operation Stage:
 Guidelines in the Use of Non-Lethal
Weapons

A. Shield and Truncheon

B. Water Cannons
C. Tear Gas
 Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies,
Demonstrations and Marches
A. To ensure the protection, safety and welfare of the public
and demonstrators as well, the following must be observed:

(1) Confined Assemblies in Private Property (Churches,

Schools, etc.)
(a.) Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the
leaders/organizers.
(b) Secure and maintain order within the perimeter.
 Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies,
Demonstrations and Marches
(2) Confined Assemblies in Freedom Parks
(a) Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the
leaders/organizers.
(b) Request for the permit from the leaders/organizers
if the local ordinance of the area requires one.
(c) Secure and contain the area within the limits of the
permit to ensure the orderly and peaceful conduct of
the assembly.
 Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies,
Demonstrations and Marches:

(3) Mobile Assemblies in a Private Area

(a) Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the
leaders /organizers.
(b) Secure and maintain order within the
perimeter.
 Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies,
Demonstrations and Marches
(4) Marches and Motorcades along Public Thoroughfares
(a) Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the leaders
/organizers.
(b) Request for the permit from the leaders/organizers
if the local ordinance of the area requires one.
(c) Ensure the orderly and peaceful conduct of the
marches and motorcades to ensure public safety and
to prevent compromise of public convenience.
 Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies,
Demonstrations and Marches

B. There shall always be a designated Ground Commander

at the rally site;
C. Apply slow dispersal technique whenever it is applicable.
Take the ground inch by inch. Ground Commander shall
refrain from using water cannon and tear gas as much as
possible; and
D. If necessary, provide a medical team to extend assistance;
 Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies,
Demonstrations and Marches
E. All CDM operations shall be properly documented
with video and photo coverage;
F. Respect for human rights and equal treatment and
protection for everybody shall be strictly observed;
and
G. PNP personnel shall observe maximum tolerance.
 CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT

RULE 25. RALLIES and DEMONSTRATIONS

PNP Revised Operational Procedure 2013
(https://pro1.pnp.gov.ph/Downloads/POP.pdf)
1. Policies
2. Limitations on the Role of the PNP
3. Guidelines for Civil Disturbance
Management (CDM)
4. Contingent during Rallies /
Demonstrations
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