Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 20
Directional Drilling
(continued)
1
Lesson 17
- Directional Drilling cont’d

 Tool-Face Angle
 Ouija Board
 Dogleg Severity
 Reverse Torque of Mud Motor
 Examples

2
 Homework:
READ:
 Applied Drilling Engineering”, Chapter 8
(to page 375)

3
 Solution Tool Face ()

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

4
 Over one drilled interval (bit run)
GIVEN:
o Solution Tool Face ()
  = 16
o
 = 12
o
 = 12 o
n - 1 2
l in at i o
w I nc
Ne  = 12 o

o
Initial Inclination = 16
o
=?
o
=?
Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.
5
 Fig. 8.33
Basis of chart
 construction is a
 trigonometric
relationship
 illustrated by two
intersecting
planes

= dogleg angle


6
Problem 1
Determine the new direction () for a
whipstock set at 705 m with a tool-face
setting of 450 degrees right of high side
for a course length of 10 m.

The inclination is 70 and the direction is

N15W. The curve of the whipstock will
cause a total angle change of 30/30 m.
7
Problem 1

o
=7 (inclination)
o
 = 345 (azimuth)
o
 = 45
o
 = 45 (tool face angle)
L = 10 m (course length)
o
 = 3 / 30 m (dogleg severity)
 = ?
o

8
Solution to Problem 1, part 1

I. Use Equation 8.43 to calculate  .

The dogleg severity,


  (i)
L

 L 3  10 m o
   1
i 30 m
9
 Solution to Problem 1, part 2
2. Use Equation 8.42 to calculate the
direction change.
tan  sin 
  arc tan
sin   tan  cos  cos 
1
tan 1 sin 45 
  tan    
sin 7  tan 1 cos 7 cos 45
1 
  tan 0.092027  5.3
New direction =3450 +5.30 = 350.30 = N9.7W
10
Problem 2
Determine where to set the tool face angle, 
for a jetting bit to go from a direction of 100
to 300 and from an inclination of 30 to 50.
Also calculate the dogleg severity, assuming
that the trajectory change takes 60 ft.


= 3 N  5 

= 10 
 N  30
Find  and  L  60 ft
11
 Solution to Problem 2, part 1

1. Find  using Equation 8.53

  cos 1cos  sin N sin   cos  N cos  

1
 o o o
 cos cos 20 sin 5 sin 3  cos 5 cos 3o o

1 o
 cos 0.999116  2.4097
12
Solution to Problem 2, part 2

2. Now calculate  from equation 8.48.

1  cos  cos   cos  N 

  cos  
 sin  sin  
 cos 3 o cos 2.4097 o  cos 5 o 
  cos 1  o o 
 sin 3 sin 2.4097 
  cos 1 0.7052  45.15 o
13
Solution to Problem 2, part 3

3. The dogleg severity,

o
 2.4097
  (i)   100
L 60
 = 4.01o / 100 ft

Alternate solution: Use Ouija Board

14
Fig. 8.31: Solution to Example 8.6.
15
Problem 3
Determine the dogleg severity following a
jetting run where the inclination was changed
from 4.3o to 7.1o and the direction from N89E
to S80E over a drilled interval of 85 feet.
1. Solve by calculation.
2. Solve using Ragland diagram
o o
  4 .3  N  7.1
  89 o L = 85 ft N  100 o

 = 7.1 - 4.3 = 2.8.  = 100 - 89 = 11 16

 Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.55
1/ 2
 2 
1 2  2    N 
  2 sin sin  sin sin  
 2 2  2 
1/ 2
 2 2.8
1 2 11 2  4 . 3  7 .1  
  2 sin sin  sin sin  
 2 2  2 

 = 3.01 o

17
Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

 3.01
  (i)   100
L 85
o
  3.5 / 100 feet
18
Solution to Problem 3, part 2

2. Construct line of length  (4.3o)

Measure angle  (11o )
Construct line of length N (7.1o)
Measure length 
(Measure angle ) 4.3
o
11 
Ragland Diagram 7.1
19
 Some Equations to Calculate 
Eq. 8.53
  arc cos(cos  sin N sin   cos  cos N )

Eq. 8.54
cos  cos sinN sin   cos   sin  sin N

Eq. 8.55
  
2 2    2    N 
  2 arc sin sin    sin   sin  
 2   2   2 
20
Overall Angle Change and
Dogleg Severity

Equation 8.51 derived by Lubinski is used to

construct Figure 8.32,

a nomograph for determining

the total angle change  and
the dogleg severity, .

21
Fig. 8.32: Chart
for determining
dogleg severity
22
 o
 = 5.7 o
 = 2.8

o
o =3
 = 11

o
 = 3.5 /100 ft

23

o
= 5.7

o
 = 11
24
 o
 = 2.8

o
=3
25
 o
=3

o
 = 3.5 /100 ft
26
 o
 = 5.7 o
 = 2.8

o
o =3
 = 11

o
 = 3.5 /100 ft

27
Problem 4 - Torque and Twist
1.Calculate the total angle change of 3,650
ft. of 4 1/2 inches (3.826 ” ID) Grade E
16.60 #/ft drill pipe and 300 ft. of 7” drill
collars (2 13/16” ID) for a bit-generated
torque of 1,000 ft-lbf. Assume that the
motor has the same properties as the 7”
drill collars. Shear modules of steel, G =
11.5*106 psi.
2. What would be the total angle change if
7,300 ft. of drill pipe were used?
28
Solution to Problem 4
From Equation 8.56,

 ML   ML   ML 
M       
 GJ motor  GJ BHA  GJ  drillstring

 
for Pipe, J  
32
4 4
OD  ID  
32
 
4.5 4  3.826 4  19.22 in4

 4
for Collars, J 
32
 
7  2.813 4  229.6 in 4

29
 Solution to Problem 4, cont.
M  L  L  
 M       radians
G  J collars  J pipe 
in
1,000 ft.lbs  12  300  12in 3,650  12 in 
 ft 
 
lbf  229.6 in
4 4
19.22 in 
11 .5  10 2
in

 0.001043 15.68  2,278.88  2.394 radians

180 deg
   2.394 rad   137.2o
 rad
30
Solution to Problem 4, cont.

If Length of drillpipe = 7,300 ft.,

M = 0.001043 15.68+2*2278.88]

180 deg
= 4.77 radians *  rad

o
M  273.3 ~ 3/4 revolution!
31
137.2
Example 8.10
Design a kickoff for the wellbore in Fig. 8.35.

 = S48W = 228o N = N53W = 307o

 = 2o L = 150 ftN = 6o

 = 79o Find and

 
From Ouija Board,   

32
 New
Where to Set the Tool Face
Direction



 

High
Side High
Side
Present Direction

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

33
 Dogleg Severity
From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

 5 .8
  (i)   100
L 150

o
  3.87 / 100 feet
34
 o
With jetting bit: 325 345
o

o
307
o M = 20

Fig. 8.36:
Solution
for
Example o
228
8.10.
35
 Tool Face Where to Set the Tool Face
Setting
Compensating for Reverse
New Torque of the Motor
Direction

High Present
Side Direction

High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

36