CHAPTER

1
A HERO WAS BORN ,1861
Dr. Jose Rizal
 JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO y REALONDA

 The greatest hero of the Philippines,was a 'many-splendored"genius.

 He was an,botanist,businessman,cartographer,dramatist, economist, educator,

engineer, essayist, entomologist, ethnologist, farmer, folklorist, geographer,
gramma-guist, musician,gist, philosopher, polemist, psychologist, satirist,
sculptor,sportsman, sociologist,surveyor, traveler, and zoologist.
THE BIRTH OF A HERO

 Near midnight of Wednesday,June 19, 1861, when the Philippines was in deep slumber,
a frail baby-boy was born to the Rizal family in Calamba, Laguna.

 He was baptized by Rev. Rufino Collantes in the Catholic church of Calamba on June
22, 1861, three days after his birth.
ANCESTRY OF RIZAL
 Jose Rizal, like a typical Filipino was a mixed ancestry In his veins flowed
the bloods of both East and West-

 Japanese and Spanish, Negrito , Indonesian,Malay, Chinese,

 Rial's paternal great-great-grandfather was a China-man named Domingo

Lam-co.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
• SATURNINA
• JOSE
• PACIANO
• CONCEPCION
• NARCISA
• JOSEFA
• OLIMPIA
• TRINIDAD
• LUCIA
• SOLIDAD
• MARIA
The Name “Rizal”
 The original name of the Rizal family was “Mercado”.

 It was a surname adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lam-co, the paternal Chinese

ancestor, in English, it means "market".

 The term"Rizal" came from the Spanish word ricial which means "green
field" or "new pasture.
The Rizal Family
 The Rizal family was one of the richest families in Calamba during the times
prior to its persecution by the friars.
 They were the first to build a large stone house in Calamba, the first to own a
carruaje (horse-drawn carriagé), the first to have a home library (estimated to
consist of more than1,000 volumes), and the first to educate their children in
the colleges of Manila.
THE RIZAL HOME

 The house of the Rizal family was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba
during the Spanish times.It was rectangular in shape stone and hardwood with a red-
tiled roof.""'of adobeBehind it were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and
the gar-den of tropical fruit trees _atis, balimbing, macopa, pa-paya, santol, tampoy,
etc.

 A wholesome home, naturally, bred a wholesome family and such a family was the
Rizal family,
 CHAPTER 2
CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA
Calamba, the Hero's Town.
 Calamba was an hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican
Order which also owned all the lands around it. It is a picturesque
town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields
and sugar –lands .

 Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul. In 1876, when he
was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de Manila, he
remembered his beloved town. Accordingly, he wrote a poem Un
Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town),
The Hero's First Sorrow.

 In 1865, Concha (Concepcion) died of sickness at the age of three.

Devoted Son Of Church

• At the age of three, he began to take part in the family prayers

• When he was five years old, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family
Bible.
• He loved to go to church, to pray, to take part in novenas, and to join the religious
processions.

• He was so seriously devout that he was laughingly called Manong Jose by theHermans and
Hermanas Terceras

• The scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest that he used to visit and listen to his
stimulating opinions on current events and sound philosophy of life.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo
 On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father leftCalamba to go on a pilgrimage to
Antipolo, in order to fulfill his mother's vow which was made when Jose was
born.

 After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antiipolo, Jose and his father went to
Manila.They visited Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at La Concordia
College inSanta Ana.
Artistic Talents
 Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talent for art.

 At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay
and wax objects which attracted his fancy.
First Poem by Rizal
 Since early boyhood he had scribbled verses on loose sheets of paper and on the
textbooks of his sisters.

 At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem in the native language entitled Sa
Aking Mga Kababata(To My Fellow Children)
Rizal as Boy Magician
 Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in magic.

 He learned various tricks such as making a coin appear or disappear in his fingers
and making a handkerchief vanish in thin air.

 He entertained his town folks with magic-lantern exhibitions.

 He also gained skill in manipulating marionettes(puppet show).

Lakeshore Reveries

 He wrote to his friend Mariano Ponce"In view of these injustices and cruelties
although yet a child, my imagination was awakened and I made a vow
dedicating myself someday to avenge the many victims. With this idea in my
mind, I studied, and this is seen in all my writings. Someday God will give me
the opportunity to fulfill my promise"
Influences on the Hero's Boyhood
 HEREDITARY INFLUENCE

 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE

 AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE

 CHAPTER 3
RIZAL’S EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND BI ÑAN
• Rizal had his early education in
Calamba and Biñan characterized by
the four R's- reading, writing
arithmetic, and religion
The Hero’s First Teacher
 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother who was a remarkable
woman of good character and fine culture.
 Doña Teodora was patient,conscientious,and understanding.
 It was she who first discovered that her son had a talent for poetry.
 Private tutors ;

• Maestro Celestino
• Maestro Lucas Padua
• Leon Monroy
Jose Goes to Biñan

 In June , 1869,Jose, after Kissing the hands of his parents and a

tearful parting from his sister, left Calamba for Biñan. He was
accompanied by Paciano, who acted as his second father
First Day in Biñan School
 Paciano brought his younger brother to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

 The school was in the house of the teacher, which was a small nipa
hut about 30 meters from the home ofJose's aunt
First School Brawl

 First School Brawl in the afternoon of his first day in school, when
the teacher was having his siesta, Jose met the bully,Pedro. He was
angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation
with the teacher in the morning.
Daily Life in Biñan
Hears
 mass at 4a.m or studies lesson before going to mass.
Goes to orchard to looks for mabolo to eat.

Breakfast

Goes to class at 10 a.m

Lunch break

Goes back to school at 2 p.m

Goes home at 5 p.m

Prays with cousins

Studies the lesson and draw a little

Has supper

Prays again

Plays in the street if the moon is bright

Sleeps

Best Student in School

 In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys.

 He surpassed them all inSpanish, Latin, and other subjects.
Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
 17 February 1872 – 17 February 2022

 It was against this charged environment that GOMBURZA were

accused and found guilty of allegedly orchestrating the Cavite Mutiny
of 1872, and charged with treason and sedition by Spanish authorities.
They were sentenced to public execution by garrote in the same year
Injustice to Hero's Mother
 June of 1872, tragedy struck the Rizal family. Doña Teodora was
suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother,
 CHAPTER 4
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila
(1872-1877)
Rizal Enters the Ateneo
 On June 10, 1872, Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to manila.
 Jose took the entrance examinations at the college of San Juan de Letran and
passed.
 They returned in calamba for few days to attend the town fiesta.
 His father, who first wished him to study at Letran changed his mind and
decide to send him in Ateneo instead.
 Upon return to manila, jose accompanied by paciano, matriculated at the
Ateneo Municipal.Father Magin Fernando (college registrar), refused to admit
him for two reason.(1)
 He was late for registration and (2)He was sickly and Undersized for age. (He
was then 11 y/o).
• He was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo, upon the intercession of Manuel Xerez
Burgos.

• He was the first of his family to adopt the surname "Rizal". family name
"Mercado" become suspicious of Spanish authorities.

• Ateneo during his time was located in Intramuros, within the walls of manila.

• He first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, 25 min. walk from college.

• The boarding house was owned by a spinster named titay, who owned the rizal
family the amount of 300.
Jesuit System of Education
 System of education given by the Jesuit at the Ateneo is advanced from other
colleges.
 Rigid discipline, religious instruction, physical features, fine arts and
scientific studies is promoted.
 Student heard mass in the morning. Class is opened and closed with prayers.
 Students are divided into two groups and student fought for position.(1)
 Roman empire consisting of the internos (boarder) (2) Carthaginians empire
consisting of the externos(non-boarder).
 Each of these empires has its rank. Best student (emperor), second Best
(tribune), third best lDecurion), fourth best (centurion) and the fifth best
(standard bearer).
• Student could challenge any officer in his empire, his opponent could lose his position if he
committed three mistakes.

• Two groups were in perpetual warfare for supremacy.

• They had distinctive banners, red for the roman and blue for the CarthaginiansDuring
Rizal's time student wear uniform.

• The coat material was called "Rayadillo"

Rizal’s First year in Ateneo (1872
-1873)
 During his first day he heard mass at the college chapel and prayed for
guidance and success.
 He went to class, where he saw" a great number of Spaniards, mestizos
and Filipino boys.
 Rizal's first professor in Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech.
 He was an externo, hence he was assigned under the Carthaginians,
occupying the end ofdthe line.
 As if to prove to his Spanish and mestizos classmates the intellectual
capacity of an"Indio“
 In a month's time, however, he was at the head, the class "emperor".
• To improve his Spanish, he took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during
the noon recess and paid three pesos for that.

• In the second half of the year in Ateneo, he placed second at the end of the
year although all his grades were still marked "excellent".
Summer Vacation (1873)
 Rizal returned to Calamba but did not enjoy his vacation because his
mother was in prison
 To cheer him, up sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought her to tanawan with
her.
 He told her his brilliant grades in the Ateneo and tearfully embraced
each other.
 Summer vacation ended and went back to manila.
 This time he boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes steet
 His land lady was an old widow named Doña pepay.
Second Year in Ateneo(1873-74)
 To regain his lost class leadership, he studied harder. Once more, he
became "emperor"Some of his classmates were new.
 Some of them were three boys from Biñan, who had been his
classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano.
 At the end of school year Rizal received excellent grades and a gold
medal.
 With scholastic honor he returned in Calamba in March, 1874 for
summer vacation.
Prophecy of mother's release
 Rizal lost no time in going top Santa Cruz to visit his mother in the provincial jail.
 He gladdened Doña Teodora with his scholastic triumph at the Ateneo and tell some
tales about this professors and fellow students.
 Doña Teodora told her favorite son about her dream the previous night.
 Rizal interpreting such dream, said that she would be released from prison in three
months time
 Rizal's prophecy became true, barely three months Doña Teodora was set free.
 Doña Teodora went back in Calamba, was more proud of her son Jose who was like
the youthfulJoseph in the bible.
Teenage Interest in Reading
 During summer vacation in the year 1874 in Calamba, Rizal had interest in reading romantic
novels.
 The first favorite novel of Rizal was The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas.
 He read numerous other romantic novels, with deep interest, enriching his fecund mind.
 He asked his father to buy him a complete set of the "Hisstoria Universal" of CesarCantus which
he conscientiously read. Enabling him to won more prizes in Ateneo.
 Later Rizal read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor (German scientist)
 What impressed him in this book where (1) Jagor's keen observation of defects ofSpanish
colonization and (2) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and America
would come to succeed as a colonizer
 Third Year in Ateneo (1874-75)
 Rizal returned to Ateneo for his junior year.
 After the opening of classes her mother arrived and joyously told him that she was released.
 Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies as in the previous year.
 His grade remained excellent in all subjects but he only won one medal-in latin.
 He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken in Spanish in not fluently sonorous.
 At the end of the school year (march, 1875) he returned in Calamba for summer vacation.
 He was not impressed by his scholastic work. He said "I returned dissatisfied to my hometown.
Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76)
 On June 14, 1875 he became an internee in the Ateneo.
 One of his professors this time was Fr. Francisco Sanchez, a great educator and scholar
( whom he considered his most beloved professor in Ateneo).
 He inspired Rizal to study harder and write poetry.Rizal resumed his studies with vigor and
zest.
 He topped all his classmates and won five medals at the end of the school term.
 He returned to Calamba for his summer vacation (march 1876) and proudly offered his five
medals and excellent rattling to his parents
 He was happy that he was able to repay his "father somewhat for his sacrifices"
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77)
 After summer vacation, Rizal went back in manila in June, 1876 for his
last year in Ateneo.
 His studies continued to fare well.
 He excelled in all subjects. The most brilliant atenean of his time.
 He was truly "The pride of the Jesuit.Rizal finished his last year in
Ateneo in a blaze of glory.
 Obtaining the highest grade in all subjects.
Graduation with Highest Honor
 Rizal Graduated at the head of his class.
 On commencement day, March 23, 1877, Rizal, who was 16 years old,
received from his Alma mater, Ateneo Municipal,
 The degree of Bachelor of Arts, with the highest honor.The night before
graduation, his last night at the college dormitory, he could not sleep.
 Early the following morning, the day of graduation, he prayed fervently at
the college chapeland " commended my life," as he said, " to the virgin so
that she might protect me when I set foot in that world which inspired me
with such dread"
• Rizal did graduate with a grade of Sobresaliente or "excellent" in all the
subjects at the Ateneo municipal.

• But, we must never assume that he graduated valedictorian or top of his class.

• The record shows that of the 12 graduating students in Rizal's batch, nine had
Sobresalientegrades. Eight other people had the same grade!

• By Rizal's own admission, one of his classmates was better than he.
 Extracurricular Activities at Ateneo
 An emperor inside the classroom, he was a campus leader outside.
 He became the secretary of the exclusive Marian Congregation.
 He composed poems that earned praise and admiration from his Jesuit teachers.
 He studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin Saez
 Sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus(Filipino sculptor).
 He continued his membership in the Academy of Spanish Literature of which he became the
president, and in the Academy of Philosophical and Natural Sciences, of which he was elected
secretary.
 He was also engaged in gymnastic and fencing.
Anecdotal on Rizal the Atenean
 One of Rizal's contemporaries in the Ateneo was Felix M. Roxas,
 He related an incident of Rizal’s school days in the Ateneo which reveals the hero's resignation to pain and
forgiveness.
 Rizal was studying his lesson at the study-hall when two ateneans , Manzano and Lesac aquarreled and
violently hurled book to each other.Rizal was hit in the face by one of the thrown books.
 He did not raise a cry of protest.
 He went to the infirmary and undergone treatment for several days and continued to attend his class with no
feeling of bitterness toward the guilty party.
 Another anecdote on Rizal was related by Manuel Xeres Burgos.
 Heard Julio Melliza from Iloilo, one of the smallest boarders crying -because his kite was caught by the
vines growing on the belfry of the manila cathedral, which is near the boarding house.
 Rizal closed the book he was reading and told Julio not to cry, for he would try to retrieve the kite. True to
his promise he climbed the high cathedral tower and recovered the kite.
Poems Written in Ateneo
 It was Doña Teodora who first discovered the poetical genius of her son, and it was also she
who first encouraged him to write poems. However, it was Fr. Sanchez who inspired Rizal.
 The first poem Rizal probably wrote during his days in the Ateneo was Mi Primera
Inspiration.
 Which was dedicate to his mother on her birth day.
 He also wrote poems in education he believe din the significant role which education plays in
the progress and welfare of a nation.
 He also wrote Religious poems to express his devotion to his catholic faith in melodious
poetry.
 First Romance of Rizal
 After his graduation In Ateneo ,who was sixteen ears old, experienced his first romance
 The girl was Segunda Katigbak, a pretty fourteen- year old
 It all started when he and mariano segunda visited his grandmother who lived in trozo,
manilaThe last time they talked to each other was one Thursday in December ,1877, when
Christmas vacation was start to begin. He visited Segunda at La Concordia College to say
good-bye.
 The next day Rizal arrived and her mother did not recognize him at first due to his failing
eyesight. His sister gaily welcomed him, teasing him about segunda.
 The following day segunda and her family would not anchor in Calamba because of the
strong wind. She returned to lipa and married Manuel Luz.
 CHAPTER 5
Medical Studies at theUniversity of
Santo Tomas(1877-1882)
Mother's Opposition to
Higher Education
 DOÑA TEODORA>
 opposed the idea of sending Rizal to University to pursue Higher Education because
she was aware what happened to Gom-Bur-Za and feared of might would happen to
Rizal.
 Rizal was surprised by his mother's opposition, who was a woman of education and
culture.
 Despite her mother's opposition, Don Franciscotold Paciano to accompany Rizal to
Manila.
Rizal Enters the University
 April 1877> Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course onPhilosophy
and Letters.
 Reasons:
 1. His father liked it.
 2. He was still uncertain as to what career topursue.
 Fr. Pablo Ramon
 > rector of the Ateneo.
• 1877-1878Rizal studied Cosmoloqy, Metaphy Theodicy, and History of
Philosophy during his first year term.

• 1877-1879>Rizal took up medical course upon the advised of Ateneo's

Rector to study medicine.

• Reason:To be able to cure his mother's growing blindness?

Finishes Surveying Course in
Ateneo (1878)
 While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in Ateneo. He took
the vocational course leading to the title of "Perito Agrimensor"
(ExpertSurveyor).
 He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course obtaining gold
medals in Agriculture andTopography.
 At the age of 17, he passed the final exam
inthesurveyingcoursebutcouldnotgranted the title as Surveyor because
he was under age.
 November 25, 1881> the title as Surveyor to Rizal .
Romances with Other Girls
 Segunda Katigbak Miss L.> fair with seductive and attractive eyes.
 Leonor “Orang “Valenzuela > a medical student from Calamba, Laguna
the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sandy Valenzuela.>
tall girl with a regal bearing.> Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in
invisible ink.
 Leonor Rivera
 Rizal's cousin from Camiling.
 born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867.a student of La Concordia
College where Rizal’s sister, Soledad was then studying.
 frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding flower with kindly wistful eyes.
Victim of Spanish Officer's
Brutality
 1878 in Calamba when Rizal was a freshman Medicalstudent at the
University of Santo Tomas.
 He was walking in the street and dimly perceived the figure of a man
while passing him not knowing that the person was a Lieutenant of the
Guardia Civil, he did not salute not say a greetings. With a snarl, he
turned upon Rizal,whipped out his sword and brutally slashed his back
"The Council of the Gods" (1880)
 The Council of the Gods
 was based on the Greek classics
 aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo.
Rizal's Visit to/Pakil and Pagsanjan

 May 1881 Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria
de losDolores.
 He was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
Champion of Filipino Students

 Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights aqainst the arrogant
Spanish students.
 In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the University of Santo
Tomas called"Compañerismo" (Comradeship), whose members were called
"Companions of Jehu," after the valiantHebrew general who fought the Armaeans.
Unhappy Days at the UST.

 The Dominican were hostile to him.

 The Filipino students were racially discriminated by the Spaniards.
 The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive
Decision to Study Abroad
 After finishing the Fourth Year of his medical course, Rizal decided to
study in Spain. He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry,
discrimination, and hostility in the Universityof Santo Tomas.
 He did not seek his parent's permission and blessings to go abroad; and
even his beloved Leonor.
THANK YOU