Social System

Model
Here starts the
lesson!
 LEARNING OUTCOME
• Define Social System
• Discuss Social System Model
and basic assumption
• Identify key elements of
school as social system
 Social System
• patterned network of relationships
constituting a coherent whole that exist
between individuals, groups, and institutions.
It is the formal structure of role and status
that can form in a small, stable group.

• Ogbum and Nimkoff defined social system as

plurality of individuals interacting with each
other according to shared cultural norms and
meanings.
 Social System Model
Basic Assumption
1. Social systems are open systems.
2. Social Systems consists of interdependent parts,
characteristic and activities that contribute to and
receive from the whole.
3. Social Systems are peopled.
4. Social Systems are goal oriented.
5. Social Systems are structural.
6. Social systems are normative.
7. Social systems are sanction bearing.
8. Social systems are political.
9. Social systems have distinctive culture.
10.Social systems are conceptual and relative.
Social System Model for Schools
Key Elements of
School as a Social
System
Here starts the
lesson!
STRUCTURE
● Formal organizations such as
schools have structures composed
of bureaucratic expectations and ● Rules and regulations are
roles, hierarchy of offices and provided to guide decision
positions, rules and regulations, and
making and enhance
specializations
organizational rationality
● Bureaucratic expectations and ● Labor is divided as individuals
roles are the official blue print for specialize in task
action, it defines organizational roles

● Roles are combined into position

and offices
 INDIVIDUAL
● A key unit in any social system regardless
of position, people bring with them
individual's needs, beliefs, and a cognitive
understanding of the job.

● Cognition is the individual's use of mental

representations to understand the job in
terms of perception, knowledge, and
expected behavior
 CULTURE
● Organizations develop their own
distinctive cultures

● Culture provides members with a

commitment to belief and values
beyond themselves; individuals
belong to a group that is larger than
them.
 POLITICS

● Politics is the way of how some ● Although politics is

individuals use their influence for informal, divisive, and
their interests typically illegitimate, there
is little doubt that it is an
● Inevitable part of important force influencing
organizational behavior
organizational life
TECHICAL CORE: TEACHING AND LEARNING

● Teaching-learning process ● Learning occurs when

is the technical core of there is stable change in
schools an individual's knowledge
or behavior
● All other activities are
secondary to the basic
mission of teaching and
learning, which shapes the
administrative decision
 ENVIRONMEN
T
● Everything outside the organization
● It is the system's source of energy. It provides
resources, values, technology, demands, and history.
 OUTCOMES
● The products of the organizations that is
educated students.
● Performance outcomes are indicators of
goal accomplishment.
Feedback Loops: Internal
and External

● Informs individuals how bureaucratic

structure and the informal
organization view their behavior.
 REFERENCES
https://www.irjweb.com/7.pdf

https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/5004/Modelling_Social_System_for_School_Effectiveness.pdf

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/negros-oriental-state-university/the-teacher-the-community-school-culture-organizational-
leadership/370101090-chapter-1-the-school-as-a-social-system/48060908