CHAPTER 2

Science,
Technology and
Society and the
Human
Condition
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 LESSON 1

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HUMAN
FLOURISHING

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LESSON OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
•Identify different conceptions of human flourishing;

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•Determine the development of the scientific method and validity of science; and
• Critic human flourishing vis-à-vis progress of science and technology to be able to define for
themselves the meaning of a good life

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INTRODUCTION
Eudaimonia, literally “ Good Spirit”, is a
term coined by renowned Greek

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Philosopher Aristotle (385-323 BC) to
describe the pinnacle of happiness that is
attainable by humans. This has been
translated into Human Flourishing in
literature arguably likening humans to
flowers achieving their full bloom. As
discussed in the Nicomachean Ethics,
Aristotle’s human flourishing

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• As discussed in the Nicomachean
Ethics, Aristotle’s human flouris arises
as a result of different components such
as phronesis, friendship, wealth and
power. In the Ancient Greek society,
they believe that acquiring these
qualities will surely bring the seekers

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happiness, which in effect allows them
to partake in the greater notion of what
we call GOOD.

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
HUMAN FLOURISHING
• Science, Technology, and Human Flourishing-Eudaimonia, literally “good spirited,” a term coined
by Aristotle to describe the pinnacle of happiness thatis attainable by humans; has often been

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translated into “human flourishing”-Western civilization tends to be more focused on the
individual; based on an individual’s values rather than his belief that the state is greater than him.
• The east is more community-centric; community
• takes the highest regard that the individual should
• sacrifice himself for the sake of the society.
• Every discovery, innovation, and success contribute
• to our pool of human knowledge; human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding
proofs
• to trace evolution;
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• -the end goals of both science and technology and
• to our pool of human knowledge; human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the
world by finding proofs
• to trace evolution;
• -the end goals of both science and technology and
• human flourishing are related; in that the good is

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• inherently related to the truth, are two concepts about
• science which ventures its claim on truth.

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SCIENCE AS
METHOD AND
RESULTS

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THE SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
• 1. Observe
• 2. Determine the problem

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• 3. formulate hypothesis; reject the
null hypothesis
• 4. Conduct experiment
• 5. Gather and analyze results
• 6. Formulate conclusion and provide
recommendation
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 VERIFICATION THEORY
• The earliest criterion that distinguishes philosophy and science
• The idea proposes that a discipline is science if it can be
confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted.
• Several budding theories that lack empirical results might be shot down prematurely, causing

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slower innovation and punishing ingenuity of newer, novel thoughts.
• This theory completely fails to weed out bogus arguments that explain things coincidentally.

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FALSIFICATION THEORY
• Karl Popper is the known proponent of this view.
• Asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best explain a phenomenon

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over alternative theories
• Allowed emergence of theories otherwise rejected by verification theory
• Encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can stand the test of
falsification

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SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR
• A new school of thought on the proper demarcation criterion of science
emerged

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• Explores the social dimension of science and effectively, technology
• The new view perpetuates a dimension which generally benefits the society.
Sciences cease to belong solely to gown wearing, bespectacled scientists at
laboratories

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SCIENCE AND RESULTS
• People who do not understand science are won over when the discipline is able to produce
results

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• In this particular argument, however, science is not the only discipline which is able to
produce results, religion, luck, and human randomness are some of its contemporaries in the
field.
• For some communities without access to science, they can turn to divination and superstition
and still get the same results.
• Science is not entirely foolproof, such that it is correct 100% of the time

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SCIENCE AS EDUCATION
• In the Philippines, a large distribution of science high schools can be found, forging
competition for aspiring students to undergo rigorous science and mathematics training based

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on specialized curricula
• As students are preconditioned that the field would later land them high-paying jobs and a
lucrative career after graduation
• Simply mastering science and technology would be inadequate if we are to, say, socialize
with people or ruminate on our inner self
• A true eudaimonia recognizes that flourishing requires one to excel in various dimensions,
such as linguistic, kinetic, artistic,and socio-civic.

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H0W MUCH IS TOO MUCH?
• In 2000, world leaders signed the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) that targets
eight concerns, one of which states that they should be able forge a global

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partnershsip for development.
• Technology has been a primary instrument in enabling them to pursue said goal,
utilizing resources, machineries, and labor.
• It cannot be expected to stretch out for everybody’s consumption over a long period
of time.
• Joseph Hickel says that developed countries should not push forth more growth but
instead adopt “DE-DEVELOPMENT” policies or else, everybody looses.
• Right now, we are experiencing repurcussions of said exploits in the hands of man-
made climate change.
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LESSON SUMMARY
• Human flourishing is defined as being “good spirited” in the classical Aristotelian notion.
• While it is true that science equips its knower some details about the world, its main claim

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to objectivity and systematic methodology is at the very least flawed
• We have to rethink of our perception of a good life apart from one presented in this regard.

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LESSON 2

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TECHNOLOGY
AS A WAY OF
REVEALING
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LESSON OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
•Explain the concept of human condition before science and technology;

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•Identify the change that happened in human conditionafter science and technology; and
• Name ways on how technology aided in revealing the truth about the human being.

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INTRODUCTION

Comparing the lives of the people before and now will

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make anyone realize the changes that happened in society

not just in terms of culture, language, or rights but more

importantly, changes in people’s way of life due to the

existence of science and technology.

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INTRODUCTION
• The term “GENERATION GAP” is attributed mainly to the changes brought about technology .
• Mostly those who belong to to the older generation think that these technologies are too

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complicated to operate.
• It is a challenge for people in the field of science and technology to make these technological
advancements more accessible and less confusing
• Also a challenge for younger generation to take the older generation to an exciting journey in
science and technology.
• This fascination led to numerous magnificent inventions that people in the present are able to
enjoy and benefit from.
• These changes were brought about by the interplay of different factors but essentially, it was
brought about by the science and technology.
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THE HUMAN

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CONDITION
BEFORE
COMMON ERA
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HUMAN CONDITION BEFORE
COMMON ERA
• Homo erectus have been using fire to cook, all the while without realizing the laws of friction and
heat

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• Tools from stone and flints marked the era of the Stone Age, during the advent of our very own
Homo sapiens
• People discovered minerals and began forging metalwork
• Fur clothing and animal skin are primarily used for comfort against harsh winds. They begin to
cover themselves up out of necessity
• People of the time had also painstakingly wrought and hewed said figures in honor of some deity;
initial roster of primitive gods includes objects they encounter through their day-to-day lives

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Jens Martensson
jens@bellowscollege.com
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