Larry Vandergirdft and Christime p.

190 mentioned
that the need for learner-centered approach in listening
which allows for the introduction of metacog-native
strategies. These strategies focus enabling learners to
understand how they learn and how to self-correct and
adapt listening experience.

(Gob 2008 p. 23) mentioned that listen including top-down

processing and bottom up processing these are related to
Anderson’s model of language comprehension. In addition to
defining what meta-cognition relate to the listener awareness of
cognitive processes.
(Gob 2008 p. 23) mentioned that listen including top-down processing
and bottom up processing these are related to Anderson’s model of
language comprehension. In addition meta-cognition relate to the listener
awareness of cognitive processes. The authors discuss the sources of
knowledge listeners draw upon which are linguistic, pragmatic, prior, and
discourse knowledge they highlight that competent listeners engage in
these processes automatically and interactive listening competence.