BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

(CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION)
 The Circulatory
System
• It is made up of the heart, blood and
blood vessels (arteries, capillaries
and veins).
• The heart pumps blood to the lungs
and throughout the body.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 The Human
Heart
• The heart pumps
blood to the lungs
and throughout the
body.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Cardiac
•
Emergencies
Heart Attack
- Also called myocardial infarction, occurs when the
blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced
causing damage to the heart muscle and preventing
blood from circulating effectively.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Cardiac
•
Emergencies
Heart Attack
Signs and Symptoms
• chest pain, discomfort for pressure
• Pain may be associated from discomfort to
unbearable crushing sensation in the chest.
• Person may describe it as pressure, squeezing,
tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest.
• Some individuals may not show signals at all.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Cardiac
•
Emergencies
Heart Attack
What to do:
• Have patient stop what he or she is doing and
sit lie him/ her in a comfortable position.
•Have someone call the physician or ambulance
for help.
•If patient is under medical care, assist him/her in
taking his/her prescribed medicine/s.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Cardiac
•
Emergencies
Heart Attack
What to do:
• Have patient stop what he or she is doing and
sit lie him/ her in a comfortable position.
• Have someone call the physician or ambulance
for help.
• If patient is under medical care, assist him/her
in taking his/her prescribed medicine/s.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Cardiac
•
Emergencies
Cardiac Arrest
- a condition occurs when the heart stops
contracting and no blood circulates thru the blood
vessels and vital organs are deprived of oxygen.
- Brain damage begins within the 4 – 6 minutes
(clinical death) after cardiac arrest and becomes
irreversible in 6 – 10 minutes.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Reasons the heart will
•
stop
Sudden death and heart disease
• Respiratory arrest, especially in children
• Medical emergencies
• Drowning, suffocation, trauma, bleeding

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

Regardless of the reason, the First
Responder’s emergency medical
care of cardiac arrest is CPR.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Cardiopulmonary
•
Resuscitation
It is a sequence of techniques used to sustain
life in the absence of spontaneous breathing and
heart beat.
• The combination of artificial ventilation and
external chest compressions.
• The aim of CPR is to maintain victim’s breathing
and circulation until emergency aid arrives.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 When to start CPR?
• CPR should be started on all nonbreathing, pulseless
patients, except when reliable signs of death exist:
Decapitation
Rigor Mortis – stiffening of the muscles few hours
after death
Lividity – pooling of blood in the lowest are of the
body few hours after death
Decomposition
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 When to STOP CPR?
• Spontaneous signs of breathing and circulation.
• Turned over to medical services or properly trained
and authorized personnel.
• Operator is exhausted and cannot continue CPR.
• Physician assumes responsibility.

“Only a doctor can pronounce a person officially dead.”

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Respiratory Arrest
• It is a type of breathing emergencies which
occurs when breathing stopped.
• First Aid:
Rescue Breathing is a technique of breathing
air into a person to supply him or her with
oxygen needed to survive. It is given to victims
who are not breathing or inadequate but still
have pulse.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte