FIRSTAID

WELCOME
FIRSTAID DEFINITION
In an emergency condition, intervertions using the
substances at the scene place without using medical
substances and drugs until health personnel comes
BASİC APPLICATIONS OF FIRSTAID
Save yourself and your environment first

Call health personnel

Save your patient’s life

( SCS )
PRINCIPALS OF FIRSTAID
Help first the severe patient.
Be calm and lessen the victim’s anxiety
Get help from other people
Experienced person must help victim
Fractures are treated at scene place
Victim must be held warm
Don’t move victim unless there is another danger at
the scene place.
CONSCIOUSNESS
Consciousness must be tested in all victims firstly

Victim may be in shock (conscious) or coma (not

conscious)
ABC

A (AIR WAY) control mouth and tongue, press tongue, if

there is a foreign body, tilt head, lift chin

B (BREATHİNG) Look-Listen-Feel (10 second)

C (CIRCULATION) Feel pulse (carotid artery)

CONSCIOUSNESS CONTROL
CONSCIOUSNESS CONTROL
Touch the victim’s shoulder hardly several times and
ask some questions like how are you, are you well,etc.
If there is no reaction, he/she is not conscious, call 112.
ORDER SOMEBODY TO CALL 112
AIRWAY
Mouth control
Head tilt, chin lift
AIRWAY
HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT 90 DEGREE)
HEAD TİLT-CHİN LİFT
BREATHİNG
Look, listen, feel (10 second).

If there is no breathing, begin resuscitation (heart

massage).
If there is breathing,the diagnosis is coma, give coma
position.
LOOK-LİSTEN-FEEL (10 SECONDS)
 CIRCULATION
If there is no breathing, begin 30 heart massage and 2
mouth to mouth respiration respectively until ambulance
comes
HEART MASSAGE-FİNDİNG
LOCATION
HEART MASSAGE-FINDING
LOCATION(2)
HEART MASSAGE-FINDING
LOCATION(3)
HEART MASSAGE-FINDING
LOCATION(4)
HEART MASSAGE

30 heart massages
Chest must be pressed down at
1/3 proportion, arms 90 degree,
victim at a hard ground.
CHILD (1-8 YEARS OLD)
,Begin with 2 mouth to mouth respiration
If child is weak, use only one hand.

.
BABY (0-1 YEAR OLD)
Consciousness control from foot,

Respiration from mouth to mouth and nose

Heart massage by 2 fingers

Dokunsal uyaranla bilinç kontrolü
Airway
Head position 45 degree
Look-listen-feel
Mouth to mouth and nose
Heart massage location
+
 FOREIGN BODY IN UPPER
AIRWAY
PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION
Coughs
Breathes.
Speaks.

INTENSE COUGHING IS HELPFUL

COMPLETE OBSTRUCTION
Can not breathe
Can not speak
Becomes purple
1)Firstly hit the patient’s back between
scapula sharply with your hand upwards
while the patient is leaning forward.

AND THEN
HEIMLICH MANEUVER MUST BE DONE
HEIMLICH MANEUVER IN CHILD
HEIMLICH MANEUVER
2)As in the figure, stand back the patient, put one fist
on the patient’s stomach, put other hand on it, clutch
patient tightly, give 45 degree strong pressure towards
the patient’s back and up 5 times

Repeat these 2 actions respectively.

If it is baby, firstly put it on your one hand lieing on

its stomach and its head downwards 45 degree and hit
its back 5 times and then put it to your other hand
lieing on its back and its head downwards 45 degree
and do Heimlich maneuver by 2 fingers 5 times.
Heimlich maneuver in baby
IF YOU ARE ALONE
 FIRSTAID IN
CONFUSION
 CONVULSION
It is a condition with musCle spasms and consciousness
changes:
1) Convulsions caused by fever
2)Epilepsi
CONVULSION
If the fever is the cause, apply wet
clothes or a shower with tap water.
EPILEPSI
If the cause is epilepsi,observe victim until it ends,
avoid falling or hitting somewhere and wounding, if
dresses are tight, relax them, if the victim is in supine
position, give coma position.
HYPOGLYCEMIA
The cause may be, dibetes drugs, exercise,
fasting, etc.
Give sweet foods
CHEST PAIN
CHEST PAIN
The victim may be experiencing heart spasm or
infarctus. Be calm, help victim’s anxiety, supply clean
air and oxygen, give the victim half sitting position.
Alo 112
mi?
system if vomitting occurs
Head tilt, chin lift is for
comfortable breathing.
If patient has fractures,
coma position must not
be given
 FIRSTAID IN
BLEEDING
INTERNAL BLEEDING
Hypotension occurs due to blood loss, give
shock position.
FIRSTAID IN BLEEDING (FIGURES)
RESPECTIVELY WHAT TO DO

Apply pressure with a clean cloth, if bleeding does

not stop apply a second cloth.
If bleeding continues, make a bandage.
If bleeding continues, lift up the extremity
If bleeding continues, press on the nearest
pressure point
If bleeding continues, or in the case of an
amputation, apply a torniquet
PRESSURE POINTS
 Neck
 Clavicular region
 Axillary region
 Brachial region
 Inguinal region
 Thigh
AMPUTATION
AMPUTATION OF A LIMB
Put the limb in a clean, dry nylon bag
Put this nylon bag into another bag filled with water
and ice.
NOSE BLEEDING
.Bend head forward, apply pressure to nasal wings
EAR BLEEDING: DON’T TOUCH,
WAIT 112
SHOCK POSITION
FIRSTAID IN WOUNDING
FIRSTAID IN WOUNDING

Wash with plenty of water, close with a clean cloth,

don’t touch foreign bodies.
IMMOBILIZE FOREIGN BODY
SKULL AND SPINE TRAUMA

It is important, because if we move the patient,

we can harm neural system causing strokes,
sense losses and strength losses.
In all head and shoulder traumas, fallings, traffic
accidents ann consciousness losses, we must
remind skull and spine trauma and not move the
patient.
EYE TRAUMA
Little dusts in the eye: Open both eyelids, try to get
away dusts gently with a clean, wet cloth.
Metal or foreign body stabbing: Don’t touch,
transfer the patient.
FOREIGN BODY IN NOSE
Expire strongly
FIRSTAID IN ELECTRIC SHOCK
Stop electric flow, if it is not possible, pull the patient
away from the electric area by the help of a dry
wood, bar or rope. Don’t touch water.
FIRSTAID IN FRACTURE, DISLOCATION

Patient has strong pain with movement, swelling and

redness and shape change.
Don’t move the patient.
If it is in the arm, take out the watch, etc or other
accessories because of expected swelling.
Stabilize the area by an experienced individual to
avoid movement.
FIRSTAID IN SPRAIN

Patient has pain, redness, swelling.

Make a bandage for stabilization

Apply cold
Lift up the extremity
TIBIA STABILIZATION
TRIANGLE ARM SLING

Stabilization of arm and shoulder fracture, dislocation

 FIRSTAID IN BURN
If person is still burning, apply a thick cloth, for example a
blanket to avoid oxygen.
Apply tap water for a few minutes.
Take out watch, etc accessories for arm burns because of
expected swelling.
HEAT STROKE FIRSTAID
 RİSK GRUPLARI
Pregnant

Children smaller
FIRSTAID IN HEAT STROKE
Patient has hypotension or shock due to water loss.
Patient is taken into a cool place, clothes are taken
off.
Shock position is given.
If there is no nausea and vomiting, fluids are given (1
lt water plus 1 teaspoon carbonate plus 1 teaspoon salt
may be given or soda may be given)
FIRSTAID IN FREEZING
Take into a warm environment, dress up dry
clothes, give warm fluids.
FIRSTAID IN DROWNING

Control consciousness and ABC

In water drowing, start firstaid in water.
FIRSTAID IN INTOXICATIONS
In intoxication by mouth, don’t try patient to vomit
because of hazard to gastrointestinal system.

In intoxication by respiration like gases, carbon

monoxide, etc, supply clean air, oxygen and half
sitting position.
FIRSTAID IN
ANIMAL BITE
 FIRSTAID IN ANIMAL BITES
Wound is washed by cool water and soup for a few
minutes and covered with a clean cloth.
In bee, scorpion, snake bites, apply cold, bandage.
Don’t move the region.
If it is in arm, take off watch, etc and similar
accessories because of expected swelling.
In case of sea creatures bite, apply hot, not cold.
CARRYING TECHNIQUES
CARRYING TECHNIQUES
As a general rule, patient must not be carried and
firstaid must be done at the scene place until health
personnel comes.
Nonetheless if there is an emergent condition in
the scene place, the patient must be carried obeying
some rules, for example we can drag the patient
without changing body axis.
TAKING A VICTIM OUT FROM CAR (RENTEK)
DRAWING FROM ANKLE
DRAWING FROM CLOTHES
DRAWING BY BLANKET
Don’t carry if not emergent
PLACING ON A STRETCHER
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION..