A SUMMER TRAINING

REPORT
CONSTRUCTION OF CEMENT CONCRETE ROAD PAVEMENT
 CONTENT

1. PWD Introduction
2. Material
3. Cement
4.Sand
5. Aggregate
6.Test
7.curing
 A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two
places which has been paved or otherwise improved to allow
travel by some conveyance including a horse cart or motor
vehicle. Roads consist of one or sometimes two roadways
(carriageways) each with one or more lanes and also any
associated sidewalks (British English: pavement) and road
verges. Roads that are available for use by the public may be
referred to as public roads or highways
Materials- Concrete is widely used in domestic, commercial,
recreational, rural and educational construction. Communities
around the world rely on concrete as a safe, strong and simple
building material. It is used in all types of construction; from
domestic work to multi-storey office blocks and shopping
complexes. Despite the common usage of concrete, few people
are aware of the considerations involved in designing strong,
durable, high quality concrete. There are mainly three types1-
Cement 2-Sand 3-Aggregate
Cement-A cement is a binder, a substance used in construction
that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together.
The most important types of cement are used as a component
in the production of mortar in masonry, and of concrete, which
is a combination of cement and an aggregate to form a strong
building material. Cements used in construction can be
characterized as being either hydraulic or non-hydraulic:
Hydraulic cements (e.g., Portland cement) set and become
adhesive due to a chemical reaction between the dry
ingredients and water. The chemical reaction results in mineral
hydrates that are not very water-soluble and so are quite
durable in water and safe from chemical attack. This allows
setting in wet condition or underwater and further protects the
hardened material from chemical attack.
Sand- is a naturally occurring granular material composed of
finely divided rock and mineral particles. The composition of
sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and
conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland
continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica
(silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz. The
second most common type of sand is calcium carbonate, for
example aragonite, which has mostly been created, over the
past half billion years, by various forms of life, like coral and
shellfish. It is, for example, the primary form of sand apparent
in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions
of years like the Caribbean.
Aggregate- Aggregates are inert granular materials such as
sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water and
Portland cement, are an essential ingredient in concrete. For a
good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong
particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and
other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of
concrete. Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75
Test-
There are four main tests to be done on concrete:
1-The Slump Test.
2-Compression Test
3-Impact Test
4-Cube Test
Curing- Curing is the name of increasing the hydration process of
cement. after setting the concrete , curing process done till 14-28days.
Some method of curing are:-

a) Shading concrete works

b) Covering with hessian & gunny bags
c) Sprinkling of water
d) By ponding
e) Membrane curing
f) Steam curing