Mechanics of Machines

Governors

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 What is a Governor??
A speed-sensitive device, designed to maintain a
constant engine speed regardless of load
variation.
Purpose Of Governor
 The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine,
when there are variations in the load
 For example, when the load on an engine increases, its speed
decreases, therefore it becomes necessary to increase the supply of
working fluid.
 On the other hand, when the load on the engine decreases, its speed
increases and thus less working fluid is required.
 The governor automatically controls the supply of working fluid to
the engine with the varying load conditions and keeps the mean speed
within certain limits.
 A little consideration will show that, when the load changes, the
configuration of the governor changes and a valve is moved to
increase or decrease the supply of the working fluid.
Types of Governor
1. Centrifugal Governor- The centrifugal governors
are based on the balancing of centrifugal force on the
rotating balls for an equal and opposite radial force,
known as the controlling force. It consist of two fly
balls of equal mass, which are attached to the arms.
2. Inertia Governor- In inertia governor the fly balls
are arranged in such a manner that the angular
acceleration or retardation of the governor shaft will
change the position of these balls.

Inertia governors gives more rapid response to the effect of change of

load but they are practically difficult to make because of partial
balancing of the rotating parts of governors, therefore centrifugal
governors are used widely.
Watt Governor
 It is the simplest form of centrifugal governor. It is
basically a conical pendulum with links attached to a sleeve
of negligible mass. The arms of governors may be
connected to the spindle in following three ways;
a) The pivot P, may be on the spindle axis
b) The pivot P, may be offset from spindle axis & the arms
when produced intersect at O.
c) The pivot P, may be offset, at the arms crosses the axis at
O.
Porter Governor
 In Porter governor central load is
attached to the sleeve as shown in Fig .
 The load moves up and down the central
spindle. This additional downward force
increases the speed of revolution required
to enable the balls to rise to any
predetermined level.
 Consider the forces acting on one-half of
the governor as shown in Fig.

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Proel Governor
Solve derivation of Proell
Governor
Solve Examples 18.9-18.10
Comparison b/w gravity and Spring
Governors
Gravity Governors
 Depends on Gravitational
force.
 Can only be use vertically.
 External load is required to
run the governor.
 Fixed speed range.
 Less efficient than spring
governor.
Spring Governors
 Independent of
Gravitational force.
 Reduce weight or load.
 Speed control range can be
increased.
 Small in size.
 Can be use in any
orientation. 9