LECTURE 6

17TH, 18TH , 19TH CENTURIES

1. How many islands does the United Kingdom include?
2. What is the historical name of Northern Ireland?

3. What is the historical name of England?

4. When was the national flag “Union Jack” established?

5. What is the capital of Wales?

6. Who is the patron of Scotland?

7. Who is the patron of England?
8. What is the emblem of Scotland?

9. What is the emblem of Northern Ireland?

10. When did Irish counties withdraw from the UK ?

11. Who were the first inhabitants of the British Isles?

12. In what parts of the UK was the Celts’ influence greater?

13. Who called the island of Britain “Albion”?

14. Who came to the British Isles after the Romans had left
Britain?

15. The Normans conquered England in ________

16. Who were King Arthur’s companions?

17. The province of Northern Ireland consists of
18. The problem of Northern Ireland is closely
connected with …
19. What was a result of the “Plantation of Ulster”?
20. What was the reason of the conflict between the
Catholics and the Protestants in Northern Ireland in
1969?

21. What did Henry VIII rule England?

22. Whose daughter was Elizabeth I?
23. Who succeeded the throne of Elizabeth I?
 Plan
1. The 17th century
2. The 18th century
3. The 19th century
 Glossary

• Puritanism - (derives from the word pure “not mixed

with anything else) is a religious reform movement in
the late 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify”
the Church of England of the Roman Catholic “popery”

• Puritan is a member of an English religious group in the

16th and 17th centuries who wanted to make church
ceremonies simpler, and who believed that it was
important to work hard and control yourself and that
pleasure was wrong or unnecessary
• Execute, (v) - to kill someone as a punishment
for a crime
Synonyms: to kill, to murder

• Capture, (v) - to catch someone so that they

become your prisoner
Synonym: to imprison
 The 17 century
th

• When James I became the first English king of

the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of
Scotland
• England and Scotland were united
• Later James I formed a union of Great Britain
that included …….
 At the end of 16th century religion and politics became linked.

• Parliament established its supremacy over the

monarchy in Britain
• Monarchs did not recognize the power of
Parliament.
• The Stuart monarchs raised money WITHOUT
agreement of the House of Commons
• IT WAS AGAINST TRADITONS
 PURITANISM
• Puritans regarded the ANGLICAN CHURCH as
IMMORAL
• They thought the LUXURIOUS LIFE STYLE of
THE KING and his followers was IMMORAL
too.
• This conflict led to the Civil War which ended
with victory of the PARLIAMENT

• For the first and only time, Britain briefly

became a REPUBLIC and was called 'the
Commonwealth'.
• The king (Charles I) was captured and became the
first monarch in Europe to be executed
1. Who was Charles I?
2. Why was Charles I executed?
3. What was the relationship between
Charles I and Parliament like?
 Who was Charles I?

• Charles I was the king of Great Britain and

Ireland from 1625 to 1649. He was a son of
James I and Anne of Denmark.

• His frequent quarrels with Parliament

ultimately provoked a civil war that led to his
execution on January 30, 1649.
 Why was Charles I executed?

• He was charged with betrayal and “other high

crimes against England.”
• He refused to recognize the legality of the
court
• He said, “a king cannot be judged by any
superior jurisdiction on earth.”
 What was the relationship between Charles I and Parliament like?

• From the beginning of his reign, Charles I

demonstrated a distrust of the
House of Commons.
Parliament was critical of his government,
criticizing his policies of RANDOM taxation and
imprisonment.
• Charles I dissolved Parliament without its
consent.
 The leader of the parliamentary army
became Oliver Cromwell
'Lord Protector' of a republic
• But when Cromwell died, he, his system of
government, and the puritan ethics that went
with it had become so unpopular
• The son of the executed king was asked to
return and take the throne.
• The Anglican Church was restored. However,
the conflict between monarch and Parliament
soon re-emerged.
• The 'Glorious Revolution' (' glorious'
because it was bloodless) followed
• It ends with the victory of Parliament
• Prince William of Orange, ruler of
the Netherlands, and his Stuart wife
Mary, accepted Parliament's
invitation to become king and queen.
• It was established that a monarch
could rule only with the support of
Parliament.
• Parliament immediately drew up a
Bill of Rights, which limited some of
the powers of the monarch
• Who was James I?
• What countries did James I unite, what union
did he form?
• How can you mark the 17th century?
• Who were the Puritans?
• Who did the Puritans support?
• What was the reason of the Civil War?
• What was the result of the Civil War?
• Is Great Britain a republic?
• Who became a Lord of the Republic of Britain?
• After what event was the supremacy of
Parliament destroyed?
• What does the word “GLORIOUS” mean in the
phrase “Glorious Revolution”?
• What changed after “Glorious Revolution”?
 18 century
th

• Politically, this century was stable. Monarch

and Parliament got on quite well together
 Parliament
The Whigs The Tories
• were the political Had a greater respect for
'descendants' of the the idea of the monarchy
parliamentarians. They and the importance of the
supported the values of Anglican Church
hard work and thrift.
• Believed in government
by monarch and
aristocracy together
• The division of the Parliament into the Whigs
and Tories led to THE PARTY SYSTEM in Britain
• At the beginning of the century the Scottish
Parliament joined with the English and Welsh
Parliament at Westminster in London.
• However, Scotland retained its own system of
law. It does so to this day
The 18 century was marked with:
th

• Cultural change.
• Britain became a master of colonies in
Americа
• Industrial Revolution.
• Technical innovations in the areas of
manufacturing and transport
• Thousands of people moved from rural areas
into new towns and cities , especially to the
North of England
• North England became the industrial centre
of the country.
• In the south of England, London came to
dominate, not as an industrial centre but as a
business and trading centre.
 19 century
th

• Before the 19th century Britain had lost its most

important American colonies
BECAUSE
• War FOR THE COLINES between France and
Britain began (French and Indian war 1754–63)
BUT
• When the French lost, Britain controlled the
biggest empire the world had ever seen
• Ireland was England’s first colony

• Another part of the empire was made up

of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

• Another was India, an enormous country

with a culture more ancient than
Britain's.
• Being a head of colonies, gave the British a
sense of supreme confidence, even arrogance,
about their culture and civilization,
• The British came to see themselves as having
a duty to spread this culture and civilization
around the world.
• In honour of the British arrogance, a poem
was written by Rudyard Kipling
• There were great changes in social structure.
• Most people now lived in towns and cities.
They no longer depended on country
landowners for their living but rather on the
owners of industries.
 The White Man's Burden

• Take up the White Man's burden—

• Here are some lines Send forth the best ye breed—
from the poem “The Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
White Man’s To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild—
Burden” by Rudyard Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child.
Kipling (1865~1936), • Take up the White Man's burden—
who is sometimes In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
referred as 'the poet And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
of imperialism'. An hundred times made plain.
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain etc.
• Britain was gradually turning into something
resembling a modern state. There were not only
political reforms, but also reforms which recognized
some human rights (as we now call them).

• Slavery and the laws against people on the basis of

religion were abolished, and laws were made to
protect workers from some of the worst forms of
exploitation
• As Britain established their power, they
established a set of values which emphasized
hard work, thrift, regions observance, family
life, an awareness of one's duty, absolute
honesty in public life and extreme
respectability in sexual matters. This is the set
of values which we now call Victorian.