North American Free

Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• a trade pact between the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

• NAFTA helps in developing and expanding world trade by broadening
international cooperation.
• Gereffi stated that global economy can be seen from different angles.
Macro Level

Meso Level

Micro Level
 Macro Level
• This level includes the international organizations and regimes that
establish rules and norms for the global community.
• “World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organizations”
- existing international organizations.
• “European Union and North American Free Trade Agreement” -
Regional Integration schemes are also part of these organizations.
 Meso Level

• it is believed that the building blocks for the global

economy are the countries and firms.
 Micro Level

• There is a growing literature on the resistance to globalization by

consumer groups, activists, and transnational social movements.
Modern World Systems
(MWS)
 Modern World System (MWS)

• Developed by Immanuel Wallerstein

• Explains the contact of economies between core, semi-peripheral, and
peripheral countries of the world.
• The three basic groups of countries: the core, the periphery, and the
semi-periphery.
• Simply suggest that wealthy countries benefit from other countries’
citizens and exploit the countries' citizens.