Injection Pump

 A diesel engine injection pump is

a critical component in the fuel
system of a diesel engine. Its
primary function is to deliver a
precisely timed and metered
amount of fuel to each cylinder's
combustion chamber at the
appropriate moment during the
engine's operating cycle. This
ensures efficient combustion and
optimal engine performance.
 Injection Pump Types
• Inline Injection Pump: In this design, the pump is
placed in a straight line with the engine's cylinders.
It's commonly used in older diesel engines.
• Distributor Injection Pump: This type of pump
uses a rotating distributor mechanism to distribute
fuel to each cylinder at the appropriate time. It's
more commonly found in older diesel engines as
well.
• Common Rail Injection Pump: Modern diesel
engines often use common rail injection systems. In
these systems, a high-pressure pump delivers fuel to
a common rail, which then supplies fuel to each
injector. The injectors are electronically controlled
and can deliver precise amounts of fuel multiple
times per combustion cycle.
Inline Injection Pump
 An inline type injection pump, also known as a rotary pump, is a key
component in the fuel injection system of a diesel engine. Its primary
function is to deliver pressurized fuel to the engine's combustion chambers
at precisely timed intervals. This ensures efficient and controlled
combustion, which is essential for the engine's performance, power output,
and fuel efficiency.
Working Principle:
 An inline injection pump operates on the principle of mechanically
pressurizing the fuel and delivering it to the individual injectors. The pump
is usually driven by the engine's camshaft, which is synchronized with the
engine's crankshaft. As the camshaft rotates, it actuates the pump's internal
components, resulting in the injection of fuel into the engine cylinders.
 Parts and Functions
1. Camshaft: The camshaft is responsible for driving the
injection pump. It has specially designed lobes that push
against the pump's components, causing them to move
and initiate the fuel injection process.
2. Plunger: The plunger is a reciprocating component
within the pump. It moves back and forth due to the
camshaft's action. The plunger is responsible for creating
the high pressure required to atomize the fuel. As it
moves, it draws fuel into the pump and then pressurizes
it before sending it to the injectors.
3. Barrel: The barrel houses the plunger and guides its
movement. It contains helical grooves that control the
fuel flow by regulating the amount of fuel the plunger
can displace with each stroke. The size and shape of
these grooves determine the fuel delivery characteristics.
4. Distributor Head/Rotor: This rotating component is
linked to the camshaft and serves as a distributor. As it
rotates, it aligns with different delivery ports leading to the
individual injectors. This action allows the pressurized fuel
to be directed to the appropriate injector at the correct time.
5. Delivery Valves: Each injector is connected to a delivery
valve. These valves ensure that the high-pressure fuel is
delivered to the injectors and prevents backflow. They open
at the right moment, allowing the pressurized fuel to be
injected into the engine's combustion chamber.
6. Timing Device: The injection pump has a timing device
that ensures precise synchronization between the fuel
injection and the engine's combustion cycle. This device is
crucial to achieving optimal engine performance and
minimizing emissions.
7. Governor: The governor is responsible for
controlling the speed and output of the
injection pump. It maintains the desired
engine speed by adjusting the fuel delivery
rate according to the engine load.

 In summary, an inline type injection pump

plays a vital role in diesel engines by
precisely pressurizing and delivering fuel
to the combustion chambers. Its various
components work together to ensure that
the fuel injection process is accurately
timed, leading to efficient combustion and
overall engine performance.
Inline Injection Pump How it works?
 VE Injection Pump
 The VE (Verteiler, German for distributor) type injection
pump is another type of fuel injection pump commonly
used in diesel engines. It operates on the principle of
distributing pressurized fuel to individual injectors at
specific intervals, ensuring efficient combustion and
engine performance. The VE pump is known for its
simplicity, reliability, and ease of maintenance.
Working Principle:
 The VE injection pump is a rotary distributor pump that
delivers fuel to individual injectors. It uses a single
plunger to pressurize the fuel and a rotating distributor
head to control the timing and delivery of fuel to each
injector. The pump is driven by the engine's camshaft,
which ensures synchronization with the engine's
combustion cycle.
 Parts and Functions
1. Camshaft: The camshaft drives the VE injection pump and
is linked to the pump's internal components. As the camshaft
rotates, it actuates the pump's mechanisms, resulting in the
injection of fuel into the cylinders.
2. Plunger: The plunger is a reciprocating component within
the pump that creates high pressure by moving back and
forth. It draws fuel from the fuel supply and then compresses
it to the required pressure before delivering it to the
injectors.
3. Distributor Head/Rotor: The distributor head is a rotating
component driven by the camshaft. It has multiple lobes that
correspond to the number of cylinders in the engine. As it
rotates, it aligns with different delivery ports leading to the
injectors. The distributor head controls the timing and
sequence of fuel injection for each cylinder.
4. Roller Ring and Rollers: The roller ring is connected to the
plunger and serves as a guide for the rotating distributor
head. It has rollers that reduce friction and wear during
rotation.
5. Delivery Valves: Each injector is connected to a
delivery valve. These valves ensure that the high-
pressure fuel is delivered to the injectors and prevent
backflow. They open at the appropriate moment,
allowing the pressurized fuel to be injected into the
combustion chamber.
6. Governor: The governor is responsible for regulating
the speed and output of the injection pump. It adjusts
the amount of fuel delivered based on the engine load,
ensuring smooth operation and preventing overfueling.
7. Timing Device: Similar to other injection pumps, the
VE pump also has a timing device that ensures precise
synchronization between fuel injection and the engine's
combustion cycle. This timing is crucial for achieving
optimal performance and emission control.
8. Fuel Supply and Return Lines: The injection pump
is connected to the engine's fuel supply and return lines.
The supply line delivers fuel from the tank to the pump,
while the return line directs excess fuel back to the tank.
 In summary, the VE type injection pump is
a rotary distributor pump that uses a plunger
and distributor head to pressurize and
distribute fuel to individual injectors. The
rotating distributor head controls the timing
and sequence of fuel delivery to the engine
cylinders, ensuring efficient combustion and
overall engine performance.
VE Injection Pump How it works?
Common Rail/ High
Pressure Pump
 A Common Rail system is a modern
fuel injection technology used in
diesel engines to deliver fuel to the
engine cylinders. It operates on the
principle of maintaining a high-
pressure fuel reservoir (the common
rail) that supplies fuel to individual
injectors. Unlike older injection
systems where the pump had to
generate high pressure for each
injection event, the Common Rail
system provides a constant high
pressure, allowing for more precise
control over fuel injection.
Parts and Function
1. High-Pressure Fuel Pump: This pump is responsible for drawing fuel
from the fuel tank and pressurizing it to extremely high levels, often
exceeding 20,000 psi (1400 bar) or more. The high-pressure pump
delivers fuel to the common rail, creating a reservoir of pressurized fuel.
2. Common Rail: The common rail is a high-pressure fuel reservoir that
stores the pressurized fuel. It ensures that all injectors have access to a
consistent and constant supply of fuel at the same high pressure,
regardless of the engine's operating conditions.
3. Fuel Injectors: Each cylinder in the engine has its own fuel injector.
These injectors are electronically controlled and precisely regulate the
timing, quantity, and atomization of fuel injected into the combustion
chamber. The high-pressure fuel from the common rail is released
through the injector nozzle as a fine spray.
4. Electronic Control Unit (ECU): The ECU is the central control unit of the
Common Rail system. It receives input from various sensors that monitor
engine conditions, such as engine speed, load, temperature, and more. The
ECU calculates the optimal injection parameters for each cylinder and sends
signals to the injectors to open and close them at the right time.
5. Pressure Regulator: The pressure regulator is responsible for maintaining
a consistent fuel pressure in the common rail. It controls the flow of fuel from
the high-pressure pump to the common rail and returns excess fuel to the fuel
tank. By regulating the rail pressure, the system can adjust the injection
characteristics.
6. Fuel Pressure Sensor: This sensor monitors the fuel pressure within the
common rail. The information it provides to the ECU allows for real-time
adjustments to ensure a consistent and optimal fuel pressure for proper
injection.
7. Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor: This
sensor measures the temperature of the fuel
in the common rail. Fuel temperature can
impact its density and combustion
characteristics, so the ECU uses this
information to adjust the injection
parameters.
 In summary, the Common Rail system in
a diesel engine uses a high-pressure
pump to pressurize fuel and deliver it to
a common rail at a constant high
pressure. Individual injectors draw fuel
from the common rail and inject it into
the cylinders with precise control over
timing and quantity. This system offers
improved efficiency, reduced emissions,
and better engine performance compared
to traditional fuel injection systems.
Common Rail How it works?