LESSON 5

A WORLD OF
REGIONS
GROUP 3
1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN REGIONALIZATION AND LEARNING
GLOBALIZATION
OUTCOMES
2. EXPLAIN HOW REGIONS ARE FORMED AND KEPT
TOGETHER,

3. DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

OF REGIONALISM; AND

4. IDENTIFY THE FACTORS LEADING TO A GREATER

INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGION
Globalization has made INTRODUCTION
people aware of the
world in general, but it
has also made Filipinos
more cognizant of
specific areas of such as
Southeast Asia
Regionalism also a
process, and must
be treated as an
emergent, socially
constituted
phenomenon
The lesson will conclude by
asking where all these
regionalisms are bringing us
as members of nation and as
a citizens of the world
Edward D. Mansfield and COUNTRIES,
Helen V. Milner state REGIONS,
AND
that “economic and GLOBALIZATION
political definitions of
regions very, but there
are certain basic
features that everyone
can agree on.”
Regions are “group of countries
located in the same geographically
specified area” or are “an
amalgamation of two regions [or] a
combination of more than two
regions organized to regulate and
“oversee flows and policy services”
The words “regionalization” and
“regionalism” should not be
interchanged, as the former refers to the
“regional concentration of economic
flows” while the latter is “a political
process characterized by economic
policy cooperation and coordination
among countries”
Countries responds economically
and politically to globalization in
various ways. Some are large
enough and have a lot of
resources to dictate how they
participate in process of global
integration.
Countries form regional
organizations to pool their
resources, get better returns
for their exports , as well as
expand their leverage against
trading partners
OPEC (organization of the
petroleum exporting countries)
was establish in 1960 by Iran,
Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and
Venezuela to regulate the
production and sale of oil.
NAM (non-aligned movement) formed
by the presidents of Egypt, Ghana,
India, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia to
pursue world peace and international
cooperation, human rights, national
sovereignty, racial and national
equality, non-intervention and peaceful
conflict resolution
The Thai economy collapsed in 1896 after
foreign currency speculations and troubled
international banks demanded that the Thai
government pay back it’s loans. The
economic crisis began to spread to other
Asian countries as their countries were
devalued and foreign investments left in a
hurry
The IMF (international monetary fund)
tried to reverse the crisis , but it was
only after the ASEAN countries along
with China, Japan and South Korea
agreed to establish an emergency fund
to anticipate a crisis that the Asian
economies stabilized
NON-STATE
 refer to groups that are unincorporated within a NON-STATE
particular state, or are unknown to the state or
nation they are within. REGIONALISM
 not affiliated or connected directly to a sovereign
state or one of its governmental organizations

REGIONALISM
 is the expression of a common sense of identity
and purpose combined with the creation and
implementation of institutions that express a
particular identity and shape collective action
within a geographical region.
It is not only the states that agree to work
together in the name of a single cause or
causes
NEW REGIONALISM
Tiny associations that includes no more than a few
actors and focus on a single issue
Huge continental unions that address a multitude of
common problems from territorial defense to food
security
Power of individuals

Non-governmental
organizations (NGOs)

Associations to link up with

one another in pursuit of a
particular goal (or goals)
NEW REGIONALISM
-is identified with reformists who share the
same “values, norms, institutions and system
that exist outside of the traditional, established
mainstream institutions and systems.”

Those who work with governments (“legitimizers”)

participate in “institutional mechanisms that afford
some civil society groups voice and influence [in]
technocratic policy-making processes.”
 In south America left wing governments support the
Hemispheric Social Alliance’s Opposition to the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

 Members of the Mesa de Articulacion de Asociaciones

Nacionales y Redes de Ongs de America Latina y El
Caribe (roundtable of national associations and
networks and NGOS in Latin America and the
Caribbean) participate in “forums, summits, and
dialogues with presidents and ministers”
 Activists across central and South America establish
the rainforest foundation to protect indigenous
peoples and the rainforests in Brazil, Guyana,
Panama, And Peru.

 Young Christians Across Asia, Africa, the Middle East,

the Americas, and the Caribbean formed regional
interfaith youth networks to promote “conflict
prevention, resolution, peace education, and
sustainable development.”
DIFFERENCE OF NEW REGIONALISM TO TRADITIONAL STATE TO STATE
REGIONALISM
 States, treat poverty or environmental degradation as technical or economic
issues that can be resolved by refining existing programs of state agencies,
making minor changes in economic policies, and creating new offices that
address these issues

New regionalism advocates such as the NGO

global forum see these issues as reflections of
flawed economic development and
environmental models
Another challenge for new regionalists is the
discord that may emerge among them

For example, disagreements surface over issues

like gender and religion, with pro-choice NGOs
breaking from religious civil society groups that
side with the church, Muslim imams, or
governments opposed to reproductive rights and
other pro-women policies
Today, regionalism CONTEMPORARY
faces multiple CHALLENGES TO
REGIONALISM
challenges. The most
serious of which is the
resurgence of militant
nationalism and
populism
The most crisis-ridden regional
organization of today is the European
Union. The continuing financial crisis
of the region is forcing countries like
Greece to consider leaving the Union
to gain more flexibility in their
economic policy
ASEAN members continue to
disagree over the extent to which
member countries should sacrifice
their Sovereignty for the sake of
regional stability. The association’s
link with east Asia has also been
problematic
A final challenge
pertains to differing
vision of what
regionalism should be
for
The history of regionalism CONCLUSION
shows that regional
associations emerge as new
global concerns arise. The
future of regionalism will be
contingent on the immense
changes in global politics that
will emerge in the 21st century
THANK YOU!
GROUP 2 MEMBERS
Joh Eric Palarca
Klein Lavina
Joshua Egido
John MICHAEL Abucay
Mark Raymond