A WORLD OF REGIONS

PRESENTED BY
PERATER, ALMA, L.
OVIERA, EDMAR
 Countries, Regions, and Globalization

Edward D. Mansfield Helen V. Milner

According to, Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner the

economic and political definitions of regions vary, but there are
certain basic features that everyone can agree on.
Regions - A group of countries located in the same
geographically specified area or an algamation of two regions or
a combination of two or more regions organized to regulate and
oversee flows and policy choices.

Regionalization - Regional concentration of economic flows

and it is the process of dividing an area intosmaller segments
called Regions.

Regionalism- A political process characterized by economic

coordination among countries.
COUNTRIES RESPOND ECONOMICALLY AND POLITICALLY

1. Some are large enough and have a lot of

resources to dictate how they participate in
processes of global integration
COUNTRIES RESPOND ECONOMICALLY AND POLITICALLY
2. Other countries make up for their small size by
taking advantage of their lack strategic location.

SWITZERLAND
SINGAPORE
COUNTRIES RESPOND ECONOMICALLY AND POLITICALLY

3. Countries form a regional alliance.

1. MILITARY DEFENSE
REGIONAL ALLIANCE
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION (NATO)
Western European countries plus
the United States
2. Regional organizations to pool
their resources. REGIONAL ALLIANCE

• Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries (OPEC)

• In a world highly dependent

on oil, this integration
become a source of immense
power.
 REGIONAL ALLIANCE
3. To protect their independence
from the pressures of super
politics.
4. Economic crisis compels
countries to come together
The crisis made ASEAN
more "unified and
coordinated" The
association has come a long
way since it was formed as a
coalition of countries
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REGIONALISM

DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• Regionalism has a better • The possible disadvantage for each
opportunities to solve problems. individual city or country to lose their
respective independence and/or
• A process, and must be treated identity. They will became an
as an "emergent, socially dependent in making decision.
constituted phenomenon". • It can be too inclusive and keep
new individuals out.
Non-State Regionalism

• Is the organization that is not hold by the government which rely on the
power of individuals like private sector included financial services, law
firms, estate agents and etc.
• It also provide essential serves to people in community or society because
not all essential things will prove by the government. New regionalism
advocate such NGO Global Forum see these issues reflection of flowed
economic development and environmental models.
• Economic development are market based, profit-driven, and hardly
concerned with social welfare, especially among poor Challenges New
regionalist is the discord that may emerge (e.g. disagreement surface over
issues like gender and religion.
Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism
• Regionalism faces multiple challenges, the most serious of which is the
resurgence of militant nationalism and populism.
• Western governments may see regional organisations not simply as
economic formations but also as democratization. Instruments of political.
• Non-Western and developing societies however, may have different view
regarding globalisation, development and d democracy. Singapore, China
and Russia see democracy as an obstacle to the implementation and
deepening of economic globalisation because constant public inquiry
about economic projects and lengthy debate slow down implementation or
lead to unclear outcomes.