Information Communication Technology

TECHNOLOGY
More than dreams
ICT 12 CSS
CONTENTS
1 Performing
computer 3 Using Hand Tools
operations
Terminating and
2 Performing
Mensuration and 4 Connecting
Electrical Wirings
Calculation
Performing computer operations
Types of Program
What application program creates, edits, saves,

and prints documents?
a. database management software

c. spreadsheet software
b. graphics software
d. word processing software
Which program is designed to help the user

perform singular or multiple
related tasks?
a. applications software
c. programming language
b. graphics software
d. system software
Software
A set of instructions (also called a program)
that guides the hardware to
operate effectively. There are four main types
of software:
1. System Software
2. Application Software
3. Utility software
4. Portable application Software
1. System Software – Any software required

to support the production or execution
of application programs but not specific to any
particular application.
Common operating systems include Windows,
Macintosh OS, OS/2, and
UNIX.
2. Application Software – Designed to help

the user to perform singular or multiple
related tasks.
Examples of application software are as

follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits,

saves, and prints documents.
This also serves as an electronic typewriter and
even more.
With word
processors, the user can quickly produce
quality documents like memos and
reports.
Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro,
MacWrite.
b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic

spreadsheet consisting of rows and
columns is used to present and analyze data.
Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.
c. Database management software - Used to

structure a database, an
extensive collection of computer programs.
Data is organized as fields and
records for easy retrieval.
Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle
d. Presentation Software - These are programs

that allow users to create an
electronic presentation for reports and other
functions.
e. Desktop Publishing Software - This allows

the user to create page
makeups and do simple typesetting to produce
various materials, such as
books, pamphlets, reports, and booklets.
f. Reference Software - These are electronic

versions of various references
such as encyclopedia, almanacs, atlases,
dictionaries, thesauri, and the like.
g. Graphics Programs - These allow the

creation and manipulation of
graphics, images, objects, and pictures. Some
of the common graphics
programs are CorelDraw, Photoshop, and
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
h. Educational Software - These include

tutorials and electronic lessons that
give students knowledge or training in a
particular subject or skill, such as
Math or Science or gardening or cooking.
i. Computer Games - These are programs that

simulate real games or provide
entertainment and adventure to users.
j. Network Software - These are programs that

make it possible for computers
in different areas to be connected, allowing
their users to communicate with
each other.
Example: Skype, Zoom, Google meet, yahoo
messenger
k. Programming Software - software is a tool

to make software using different
programming languages.
Example: Java, C++
3. Utility software - often referred to as utility,

is a system software designed to
help analyze, configure, optimize, or maintain
a computer and enhance its
performance. It is a program that performs a
specific task, which is usually
related to managing the system resources.

Utilities are sometimes also
installed as memory-resident programs.
4 types of utility software:

System Utilities
File Management Utilities
Storage Device Management Utilities
Miscellaneous Utilities
System Utilities: it is a software application

that helps optimized
and maintain a computer just like an anti-virus,
memory testers,
package managers, network utilities, and
registry cleaner.
File Management Utilities: utilities are used

in managing and
securing back up files. The examples are
Archivers, backup
software, data compression utilities, and file
managers.
Storage Device Management Utilities: All

the disk related software
utilities fall into this type of utility. They can
be disk checkers, disk
partition editors, disk formatters, disk space
analyzers and so on.
Miscellaneous Utilities: All the remaining

utility software can be
included in this type, for example, data
generators, hex editors,
HTML checkers, and merge programs.
4. Portable application Software –

characterized as standalone, it is designed to
run on a computer without installing it. That
runs from a removable storage device,
such as a USB flash drive. It does not need to
be installed on a computer to run and
does not store data on the host system.
TYPES OF STORAGE
Primary Storage & SECONDARY STORAGE

Primary Storage
Primary storage is a key components of a

computer system that enables it to function.
Primary storage includes random access
memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM),
cache and flash memory. Each of these have
different uses within the computer.
Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

SECONDARY STORAGE
Secondary storage is non-volatile, long term

storage. Secondary storage is needed to keep
programs and data long terms. Without
secondary storage all programs and data would
be lost the moment the computer is switched
off.
There are three main types of secondary

storage in a computer system.
 solid state storage devices

 optical storage devices
 magnetic storage devices
 solid state storage devices

 optical storage devices

 magnetic storage devices

DESKTOP ICONS
Icons appear everywhere throughout

Windows, and are really just pictures that
depict the type of items they represent.
.
Adobe
Photoshop
Adobe Google
Photoshop Spreadsheet
.
. JAVA
. JAVA
Microsoft
Publisher
. JAVA Microsoft
Operating
System
Microsoft
Publisher
. JAVA Microsoft
Operating
System
Microsoft Microsoft
Publisher Word
.
.
Machintosh
Operating
System
.
Machintosh
Operating
System
Dota
.
Machintosh Microsoft
Operating PowerPoint
System
Dota
.
Machintosh Microsoft
Operating PowerPoint
System
Dota Linux
Operating
System
DIRECTORIES
A directory is a unique type of file that

contains only the information needed to
access files or other directories. As a result,
a directory occupies less space than other
types of files. File systems consist of groups
of directories and the files within the
.
FILES AND FOLDERS

A file is the common storage unit in a
computer, and all programs and data are
"written" into a file and "read" from a file. A
folder holds one or more files, and a folder can
be empty until it is filled. A folder can also
contain other folders, and there can be many
levels of folders within folders.
.
the Recycle Bin is where deleted files or

folders are temporarily stored in every version
of Microsoft Windows since Windows 95. The
Recycle Bin allows users to recover files that
were deleted in Windows. It is on the desktop.
The image is an example of what the Recycle
Bin may look like in your version of Windows.
.
Key Board Techniques
Proper Handling
Shortcut Keys
.
.
KEYS ACTION
Windows logo key or CTRL+ESC Opens the Start menu
CTRL+ALT+DELETE Opens the Windows Clo0se Program or NT Security

dialog box
DELETE Deletes the selected item(s).
SHIFT+DELETE Delete the selected items permanently (without moving
them to the Recycle Bin)
CTRL+Escape Opens Start Menu
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+N Opens a new web page or file.
CTRL+O Opens the open web page or file dialog box
CTRL+P Opens the Print dialog box.
CTRL+S Opens the Save dialog box.
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+X Cuts the selected item(s) to the Clipboard.
CTRL+C or CTRL+INSERT Copies the selected item(s) to the Clipboard.
CTRL+V or SHIFT+INSERT Pastes the copied items(s) from the Clipboard.
CTRL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE Undoes the last action if possible.
CTRL+Shift Do this while dragging a file to create a shortcut
ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE Redoes the previously undone action.
Windows logo key Opens Start Menu
Windows logo key+M Minimizes all open windows.
Windows logo key+SHIFT+M Expands windows minimized with above command.
Windows logo key+E Opens Windows Explorer.

Windows logo key+F Opens the Find All Files dialog box.
Windows logo key+R Opens the Run dialog box.
Windows logo key+BREAK Opens the System Properties dialog box.
Windows logo key+CTRL+F Opens the Find Computer dialog box.
SPACEBAR Same as Left Mouse Click

SHIFT+F10 Same as Right Mouse Click
SHIFT while inserting CDROM Suppresses Autoplay
SHIFT while loading Microsoft Suppresses the AutoExec macro.

Word
F1 Displays help information
F2 Rename a selected item.
F3 Opens the Find All Files dialog box.
F4 Opens the drop-down list box on the toolbar,
if there is one.
F4 Opens the drop-down list box on the toolbar, if there is one.
F5 Refreshes the current window.

F6 Switch Panes in Explorer
F10 Activates Windows Menu Bar
ALT+F4 Closes the current window.
ALT+F6 Switch between multiple windows in the same program
ALT+ENTER Displays properties for the selected item.

ALT+TAB Switches between application windows.
ALT+ underlined first letter in Opens the Indicated Menu Item
menu
PRINT SCREEN Copies an image of the screen to the Windows Clipboard.
ALT+PRINT SCREEN Copies an image of the active window to the Windows

Clipboard.
Performing Mensuration and Calculation
If is the unit of measurement for memory

RAM and storage component like hard drive,
files, and databases. Drives and memory are
rated in bytes.
Performing Mensuration and Calculation
For example, 500GB hard drive stores 500

billion characters of program instructions and
data permanently until purposely deleted,
while 2GB of RAM hold two billion of
program instruction and data temporarily.
Prefix Symbol Meaning Exact Number of Bytes
Kilo K Thousand 1,024
Mega M Million 1,048,576
Giga G Billion 1,073,741,824
Tera T Trillion 1,099,511,627,776
Peta P Quadrillion 1,125,899,906,842,624
Exa E Quintillion 1,152,921,504,606,846,976

Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number
of bytes being used.
For example, a file 2MB in size
1MB- 1,048,576 bytes

2×1,048,576= 2,097,152 bytes in a 2Mb file
Assuming all files have size of 2MB each, then 1 GB (1,073,741,804) memory
card can approximately hold 512 files.
Storage Capacity ÷ File size = Approximate no. of files

1,073,741,824 ÷ 2,097,152 = 512
What is wire splicing?
Wire splicing is the process of connecting the

endpoints of two or more cable conductor.
Rat Tail or Pig Tail
.
This kind of joint is
commonly used to join two
or more conductors inside
the junction box. It is
suitable for service where
there is no mechanical
stress when wires are to be
connected in an outlet box,
switch, or conduit fitting
. Y-Splice
This method of wrapping is
generally used on small
cables because the strands
are flexible and all can be
wrapped in one operation.
Knotted tap
.Joint all the splices discussed
up to this point are known as
butted splices. Each was made
by joining the free ends of the
conductors together.
Sometimes, however, it is
necessary to join a branch
conductor to a continuous wire
called the main wire. Such a
junction is called a tap joint.
Plain tap joint
.
This is used where the tap wire
is under considerable tensile
stress circuit.
Aerial Tap
.
This is used as a temporary
tap usually done in
constructions sites. The easy
twist will facilitate tap wire
movement.
Duplex cross joint
.
This is a two-tap wire turned
simultaneously and is
used where the two tap wire is
under heavy tensile stress.
Western Union Long-tie Splice
This is used extensively for
outside wiring to extend the
length of wire from one end to
another.
Western Union Short-tie Splice

This is the most widely used
splice or joint in interior
wiring installation to extend
the length of wire from one
point to another.
Cross Joint
.
The same application is done
as in plain tap and the only
difference is that this tap is a
combination of two plain taps
place side by side with each
other.
Wrapped tap or Tee joint
.
This is used on large solid
conductors where it is difficult
to wrap the heavy tap wire
around the main wire.
.
.
.
.
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TECHNOLOGY

More than dreams

What application program creates, edits, saves,

a. database management software

Which program is designed to help the user

1. System Software – Any software required

2. Application Software – Designed to help

Examples of application software are as

a. Word processing software - Creates, edits,

b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic

c. Database management software - Used to

d. Presentation Software - These are programs

e. Desktop Publishing Software - This allows

f. Reference Software - These are electronic

g. Graphics Programs - These allow the

h. Educational Software - These include

i. Computer Games - These are programs that

j. Network Software - These are programs that

k. Programming Software - software is a tool

3. Utility software - often referred to as utility,

related to managing the system resources.

4 types of utility software:

System Utilities: it is a software application

File Management Utilities: utilities are used

Storage Device Management Utilities: All

Miscellaneous Utilities: All the remaining

4. Portable application Software –

Primary Storage & SECONDARY STORAGE

Primary storage is a key components of a

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Secondary storage is non-volatile, long term

There are three main types of secondary

 solid state storage devices

 solid state storage devices

 optical storage devices

 magnetic storage devices

Icons appear everywhere throughout

A directory is a unique type of file that

FILES AND FOLDERS

the Recycle Bin is where deleted files or

Key Board Techniques

CTRL+ALT+DELETE Opens the Windows Clo0se Program or NT Security

CTRL+V or SHIFT+INSERT Pastes the copied items(s) from the Clipboard.

CTRL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE Undoes the last action if possible.

CTRL+Shift Do this while dragging a file to create a shortcut

ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE Redoes the previously undone action.

Windows logo key Opens Start Menu

Windows logo key+M Minimizes all open windows.

Windows logo key+SHIFT+M Expands windows minimized with above command.

Windows logo key+E Opens Windows Explorer.

Windows logo key+CTRL+F Opens the Find Computer dialog box.

SPACEBAR Same as Left Mouse Click

SHIFT while loading Microsoft Suppresses the AutoExec macro.

F5 Refreshes the current window.

ALT+ENTER Displays properties for the selected item.

ALT+PRINT SCREEN Copies an image of the active window to the Windows

If is the unit of measurement for memory

For example, 500GB hard drive stores 500

Kilo K Thousand 1,024

Mega M Million 1,048,576

Giga G Billion 1,073,741,824

Tera T Trillion 1,099,511,627,776